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THE PAKISTAN AIR FORCE ACT, 1953

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1. Short title and commencement.
2. Persons subject to this Act.
3. Termination of application of the Act.
3 A. Secondment to Army or Navy.
4. Definitions.
CHAPTER II.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF ACT IN CERTAIN
CASES
5. Application of Act to certain forces under the Federal Government.
6. Special provision as to rank in certain cases.
Commanding officers of persons subject to Air Force law under clause (d) of
7.
section 2.
8. Officers exercising powers in certain cases.
9. Exercise of powers vested in holder of Air Force office.
10. Power to declare persons to be on active service.
CHAPTERIII.
COMMISSIONS AND ENROLEMENT
11. Grant of Commissions.
12. Ineligibility of aliens for enrolment.
13. Procedure before enrolling officer.
14. Mode of enrolment.
15. Validity of enrolment.
16. Persons to be attested.
17. Mode of attestation.
CHAPTER IV.
CONDITIONS OF SERVICE
18. Tenure of service under the Act.
19. Termination of service by Federal Government.
Dismissal, removal or reduction by CommanderinChief of the air staff or other
20.
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officers.
21. Retirement, release or discharge.
22. Certificate on termination of service.
23. Discharge or dismissal when out of pakistan.
Power to modify certain fundamental rights in their application to persons subject
24.
to this Act.|
25. Authorised deductions only to be made from pay.
26. Remedy of aggrieved airmen.
27. Remedy of aggrieved officers.
28. Immunity from attachment.
29. Immunity from arrest or debt.
30. Immunity of persons attending courts Martial from arrest.
31. Privileges of reservists.
32. Priority in respect of Air Force personnel s litigation.
33. Saving of rights and privileges under other laws.
CHAPTER VI.
OFFENCES
34. Offences in relation to the enemy and punishable with death.
35. Offences in relation to the enemy and not punishable with death.
36. Offences punishable more severely on active service than at other times.
37. Mutiny.
38. Desertion and aiding desertion.
39. Absence without leave.
40. Striking or threatening superior officer.
41. Disobedience to superior officer.
42. Insubordination and obstruction.
43. Fraudulent enrolment.
44. False answers on enrolment
45.. Unbecoming conduct.
46. Certain forms of disgraceful conduct.
47. Illtreating a subordinate.
48. Intoxication.
49. Permitting escape of person in custody.
50.. Irregularity in connection with arrest or confinement.
51. Escape from custody.
52. Offences in respect of property.
53. Extortion and corruption.
54. Making away with equipment.
55. Injury to property.
56. False accusation.
57. Falsifying official document and false declaration.
58. Signing in blank and failure to report.

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59. Offences relating to courtmartials.
60. False evidence.
61. Unlawful detention of pay.
62. Offences in relation to aircraft and flying.
63. Other offences relating to aircraft and flying.
64. Disobedience of lawful command of captain of aircraft.
65. Violation of good order and air force discipline.
66. Miscellaneous offences.
67. Attempt.
68. Abetment of offences that have been committed.
69. Abetment of offences punishable with death and not committed.
70. Abetment of offences punishable with imprisonment and not committed.
71.. Civil offences.
72. Civil offences not triable by courtmartial.
CHAPTER VII.
PUNISHMENTS
73. Punishments awardable by courtsmartial.
74. Alternate punishments awardable by courtsmartial.
75. Combination of punishments.
76. Special provisions regarding sentences.
77. Field punishment.
78. Position of field punishment in scale of punishments.
Result of certain punishments in the case of a warrant officer or noncommissioned
79.
officer.
80. Retention in the ranks of a person convicted on active service.
81. Punishments otherwise than by court martial.
82. Punishment of persons other than officers and warrant officers.
83. Requirement of sanction in certain cases.
84. Limit of punishments under section 82.
85. Punishments in addition to those specified in section 82.
86. Punishment of officers and warrant officers.
87. Transmission of proceedings.
88. Review of proceedings.
89. Superior air force authority.
CHAPTER VIII.
PENAL DEDUCTIONS
90. Deductions from pay and allowances of officers.
91. Deductions from pay and allowances of warrant officers and airmen.
92. Computation of time of absence or custody.
93. Pay and allowances during trial.
94. Limit of certain deductions.
95. Deduction from public money due to a person.

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96. Pay and allowances of prisoner of war during inquiry into his conduct.
97. Remission of deductions.
98. Provision for dependents of prisoner of war where remission is made.
99. Provision for dependants of prisoner of war from his pay and allowances.
100. Period during which a person is deemed to be a prisoner of war.
CHAPTER IX.
ARREST AND PROCEEDINGS BEFORE TRIAL
101. Custody of offenders.
102. Duty of commanding officer in regard to detention.
103. Interval between committal and trial.
104. Arrest by civil authorities.
105. Capture of deserters.
106. Inquiry into absence without leave.
106 A. Inquiry in to any other matter.
107. Provost marshals.
CHAPTER X
COURTSMARTIAL
108. Different kinds of courtsmartial.
109. Power to convene a general courtmartial.
110. Power to convene a district courtmartial.
111. Limitations of powers of convening authorities.
112. Power to convene a field general courtmartial.
113. Composition of general courtmartial.
114. Composition of district courtmartial.
115. Composition of field general courtmartial.
116. Dissolution of courtmartial.
117. Powers of general and field general courtsmartial.
118. Powers of district courtmartial.
119. Prohibition of second trial.
120. Period of limitation for trial.
121. Liability of offender who ceases to be subject to the Act.
122. Place of trial.
123. Order in case of concurrent jurisdiction of criminal court and courtmartial.
124. Power of criminal court to require delivery of offender.
125. [Trial by courtmartial no bar to subsequent trial by criminal court.] Omitted.
CHAPTER XI.
PROCEDURE OF COURTSMARTIAL
126. President.
Religion of confirming officer, president, judge advocate and members of general
126 A.
district or field general courtmartial.
127. Judge Advocate.
128. Challenges.
129. Oaths of members, judge advocate and witnesses.

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130. Voting by members.
131. General rule as to evidence.
132. Judicial notice.
133. Summoning witnesses.
134. Documents exempted from production.
135. Commission for the examination of witnesses.
136. [Omitted.]
137. Conviction of offence not charged.
138. Presumption as to signature.
139. Enrolment paper.
140. Presumption as to certain document.
141. Reference by accused to Government officer.
142.. Evidence of previous convictions and general character.
143. Lunacy of accused.
144. Subsequent fitness of lunatic accused for trial.
145. Transmission to Federal Government of orders under section 144.
146. Release of lunatic accused.
147. Delivery lunatic accused to relatives.
148. Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial.
149. Order for disposal of property regarding which offence is committed.
150. Trial by courtmartial to be deemed judicial proceeding etc.
CHAPTER XII
CONFIRMATION AND REVISION
151. Finding and sentence not valid unless confirmed.
152. Powers to confirm finding and sentence of general courtmartial.
153. Power to confirm finding and, sentence of district courtmartial
154. Limitation of powers of confirming authority.
155. Power to confirm finding and sentence of field general courtmartial.
156. Power of confirming authority to mitigate, remit or commute sentences.
157. Confirmation of finding and sentence on board a ship.
158. Revision of finding and sentence.
159. Alteration of finding or sentence in certain cases.
160. Remedy against order, finding or sentence of courtmartial.
161. Annulment of proceedings.
162. Bar of Appeals.
162 A. Court of Appeals.
162 B. Court of Appeals for other than hudood cases
CHAPTER XIII
EXECUTION OF SENTENCES
163. Form of sentence of stoning to death and death.
163 A. Form of sentence, amputation of hand, foot or both.
163 B. Form of sentence of whipping.

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164. Commencement of sentence of imprisonment or detention.
165. Execution or sentence of imprisonment.
166. Execution of sentence of imprisonment in special cases.
167. Execution of sentence of detention.
168. Interim custody of persons under sentence of death, imprisonment or detention.
169. Authority for committal and transfer of prisoners.
170. Conveyance of prisoners from place to place.
171. Communication of certain orders to prison officers.
172. Execution of sentence of fine.
173. Establishment and regulation of Air Force prisons or detention barracks.
174. Power to make rules in respect of prisons and prisoners.
175. Restriction of rule making power in respect of corporal punishment.
176. Informality or error in the order or warrants.
CHAPTER XIV.
PARDONS, REMISSIONS AND SUSPENSION
177. Pardon and remission.
178. Cancellation of conditional pardon or remission.
179. Reduction of warrant officer or non commissioned officer.
180. Suspension of sentence of imprisonment or detention.
181. Orders pending suspension.
182. Release on suspension.
183. Computation of period of suspension.
184. Order after suspension.
185. Reconsideration of case after suspension.
186. Fresh sentence after suspension.
187. Scope of power of suspension.
188. Effect of suspension and remission on dismissal.
CHAPTER XV
PROPERTY OF DECEASED PERSONS, DESERTERS AND LUNATICS
Property of deceased persons and deserters (other than officers and warrant
189.
officers).
Disposal of certain property without production of probate, etc (other than officers
190.
and warrant officers).
191. Applications of sections 189 and 190 to lunatics, etc
192. Property of officer, and warrant officers who die or desert.
193. Powers of committee of Adjustment.
194. Disposal of surplus by the prescribed person.
Disposal of certain property without production of probate, etc (of officers and
195.
warrant officers).
196. Discharge of committee, prescribed person and the Government.
Property in the hands of the committee or the prescribed person not to be assets at
197.
the place where the committee or the prescribed person is stationed.
198. Saving of rights of representative.
199. Application of sections 193 to 198 to lunatics, etc.
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Appointment of Standing Committee of Adjustment when officers die or desert
200.
while on active service.
201. Interpretations.
CHAPTER XVI
RULES
202. Power to make rules.
203. Power to make regulations.
204. [Omitted.]

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PAKISTAN AIR FORCE ACT, 1953

1ACT No. V1 OF 1953

[15th April, 1953]

An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the government and discipline of the
Pakistan Air Force.

WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law relating to the government and
discipline of the Pakistan Air Force ;

It is hereby enacted as follows :___

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1. Short title and commencement.___(1) This Act may be called the Pakistan Air Force Act, 1953.

(2) It shall come into force on such date2 as the 3[Federal Government] may, by notification, appoint
in this behalf.

2. Persons subject to this Act. The following persons shall be subject to this Act wherever they may
be, namely :___

(a) officers and warrant officers of the Air Force ;

4[(b) persons enrolled under the Indian Air Force Act, 1932, before the date notified in
pursuance of subsection (2) of section 1

1 For Statement of Objects and Reasons, see Gaz. of P. 1953, Pt. IX Pages 59 and 60.

The Act has been and shall be deemed to have been brought into force in Gwadur with effect from the 8 th September 1958, by the Gwadur (Application of Central Laws) Ordinance,
1960 (37 of 1960), s. 2.
2 I. e., the 23 rd day of March, 1958, see Gaz. of P., 1958, Pt. III, p. 8.
3 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
4 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 2, for the original clause (b) (with effect from the 23 rd March, 1958).

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and serving in the Air Force on that date, and persons enrolled under this Act ;]

(c) persons belonging to the Pakistan Air Force Reserves in the circumstances prescribed by
rules made under section 6 of the Pakistan (Army and Air Force) Reserves Act, 1950
(XLVII of 1950) ;

(d) persons not otherwise subject to Air Force law who on active service, in camp, on the
march, or at any frontier post specified by the 1[Federal Government], by notification2 in
this behalf, are employed by, or are in the service of, or are followers of, or accompany
any portion of, the Air Force 3[;]

4[(dd) persons not otherwise subject to Air Force law who are accused of___

(i) seducing or attempting to seduce any person subject to this Act from his duty or
allegiance to Government, or

(ii) having committed, in relation to any work of defence, arsenal, naval, military or air
force establishment or station, ship or aircraft, or otherwise in relation to the naval
military or air force affairs of Pakistan, an offence under the official Secrets Act,
1923 ;]

5[(e) to such extent and subject to such conditions as the 1[Federal Government] may direct,
persons subject to the Pakistan Army Act, 1952 (XXXIX of 1952) or the Pakistan Navy
Ordinance, 1961 (XXXV of 1961) when seconded for service with the Air Force.]

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 For notifins. Specifying certain frontier posts for the purposes of this clause, see Gaz. of P., 1957, Pt. III, pp. 225 and 226.
3 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 2. for fullstop (with effect from the 23 rd March. 1958).
4 Ins. by the Defence Services Laws Amendment Ordinance, 1967 (3 of 1967), s. 3.
5 Clause (e) which was added by Act 6 of 1958 and Subs, by the Act 8 of 1963, s. 2 has been subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 2.

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3. Termination of application of the Act. Every person subject to this Act under clauses (a) to
(c) of section 2 shall remain so subject until duly retired, discharged, released, removed or dismissed
from the service 1[and every person subject to this Act under clause (e) of section 2 shall remain so
subject during the period of his secondment to the Air Force.]

2[3A. Secondment to Army or Navy. The 3[Federal Government] may by order in writing direct

that any person 4* * * 5[referred to in clause (a), clause (b), clause (c) or clause (d)] of
section 2 shall, under such conditions as may be specified by regulations, be seconded for service
with the Pakistan Army or the Pakistan Navy 6* *.]

4. Definitions. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,___‑

(i) “active service”, as applied to a person subject to this Act, means the time during which
such person___

(a) is attached to, or forms part of, a force which is engaged in operations against an
enemy, or

(b) is engaged in Air Force operations in, or is on the line of march to, a country or place
wholly or partly occupied by an enemy, or

(ii) “aircraft” includes aeroplanes, balloons, kite balloons, airships, gliders or other machines
for flying ;

1 Added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 3 (with effect from the 23 rd March, 1958).
2 New section 3A ins. ibid., s. 4, (with effect from the 23 rd March, 1958.)
3 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
4 The words “belonging to the Pakistan Air Force Medical Corps” omitted by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1963 (8 of 1963), s. 3.
5 Subs. by the Defence Services Laws Amendment Ordinance, 1967 (3 of 1967), s. 3, for certain words.
6 The words “Medical Corps” omitted by Act,8 of 1963, s. 3.

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(iii) “aircraft material” includes any engines, fittings, guns, gear, instruments or apparatus for
use in connection with aircraft and any of its components and accessories and petrol, oil,
and any other substance used for providing motive power for planes ;

1[(iv) “Air Force” means officers, warrant Officers and airmen who by their commission,
junior commission, terms of enrolment or otherwise, are liable to render continuously for
a term air force service to Pakistan in every part of the world or any specified part of the
world, including persons belonging to the Pakistan Air Force Reserves when called up for
training or exercise or into actual service;],

(v) “Air Force custody” means the arrest or confinement of a person according to the usages
of the service and includes military or naval custody 2[and detention in a civil prison];

(vi) “Air Force law” means the law enacted by this Act and the rules made thereunder and
includes the usages of the service ;

(vii) “Air Force reward” includes any gratuity or annuity for long service or good conduct,
badge pay or pension, and any other Air Force pecuniary reward ;

(viii) “airman” means any person subject to this Act other than an officers 3[or a warrant
officer];

(ix) “air officer” means any officer of the Air Force above the rank of group captain ;

1 Clause (iv) subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 3.
2 Added, by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1972 (7 of 1972), s. 2.
3 Added by Act 6 of 1967, s. 3.

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(x) “air signal” means any signal intended for the guidance of aircraft whether given by flag,
ground signal, light, wind indicator or in any manner whatsoever;

(xi) “civil offence” means an offence which is triable by a criminal court ;

(xii) “civil prison” means any jail or place used for the detention of any criminal prisoner
under the Prisons Act, 1894 (IX of 1894), or under any other law for the time being in
force;

1* * * * * * *

(xiv) “commanding officer” used in relation to a person subject to this Act, means the officer
prescribed as commanding officer for the purpose of all or any of the provisions of this
Act, or in the absence of any such prescription, the officer for the time being in command
of the unit or detachment to which such person belongs or is attached ;

(xv) “court‑martial” means a court‑martial held under this Act ;

(xvi) “criminal court” means a court of ordinary criminal justice in any part of Pakistan 2[or
established elsewhere by the authority of the 3[Federal Government] ;

(xvii) “enemy” includes all armed mutineers, armed rebels, armed rioters, pirates and any
person in arms against whom it is the duty of any person subject to naval, military or air
force law to act. ;

(xviii) “the Forces” means the regular Army, Navy and Air Force or any part or parts of any
one or more of them ;

1 Omitted by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Sch.
2 Added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 5, with effect from the 23 rd March, 1958).
3 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

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(xix) “the Government” means the Government of Pakistan and includes a Provincial
Government ;

1[(xixa) “Islamic Law” means a law relating to the enforcement of Hudood;]

(xx) “Judge Advocate General” means a person appointed as such by the 2[Chief of the Air
Staff] to give advice on matters relating to Air Force law and to perform such other duties
of a legal character as may arise in connection therewith ;

(xxi) “non‑commissioned officer” means a person holding a non‑commissioned rank or an
acting non‑commissioned rank in the Air Force, and includes any person holding a
non‑commissioned rank or an acting noncommissioned rank in the Pakistan Air Force
Volunteer Reserve when subject to this Act ;

(xxii) “notification” means a notification published in the official Gazette ;

(xxiii) “offence” means any act or omission punishable under this Act, and includes a civil
offence, as hereinbefore defined ;

3[(xxiv) “officer” means a person commissioned, gazetted or in the pay as an officer in the

Air Force, and includes___

(i) an officer of the Pakistan Air Force Volunteer Reserve who is for the time being
subject to this Act; and

(ii) an officer of the Pakistan Army or the Pakistan Navy when serving under the
prescribed conditions;

but does not include a junior commissioned officer, warrant officer, petty officer or
non‑commissioned officer ;]

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 2.
2 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.
3 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1963 (8 of 1963), for the existing clause (xxiv) which had been subs. by Act 6 of 1958, s. 5, for the original clause.

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(xxv) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act ;

(xxvi) “provost‑marshal” means a person appointed as such under this Act and includes any
of his deputies or assistants or any other person legally exercising authority under him or
on his behalf ;

(xxvii) “regulation” includes a regulation made under this Act ;

(xxviii) “service” when qualifying institution, necessaries, books, band, mess, money, goods
and other property, means belonging to or connected with the air service or any unit or
part of a unit thereof ;

(xxix) “superior officer” when used in relation to a person subject to this Act, includes a
warrant officer and a non‑commissioned officer, and as regards persons serving under
such conditions as may be prescribed, an officer, junior commissioned officer, warrant
officer petty officer and non‑commissioned officer of the regular army or the Navy ;

(xxx) “unit” includes___

(a) any body of officers and airmen 1[or of officers, warrant officers and Airmen] for
which a separate authorised establishment exists;

(b) any separate body of persons subject to this Act employed on any service and not
attached to a unit as aforesaid ;

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 3.

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(c) any other separate body of persons composed wholly or partly of persons subject to
this Act, and specified as a unit by the 1[Federal Government] ;

(xxxi) “Warrant officer” means a person 2[commissioned] gazetted or in pay as a warrant
officer of the Air Force and includes an acting warrant officer, and a warrant officer of
the Pakistan Air Force Volunteer Reserve who is for the time being subject to this Act ;

(xxxii) all words and expressions used herein and defined in the Pakistan Penal Code(XLV of
1860) 3[or in any Islamic Law] and not hereinbefore defined, shall be deemed to have the
meanings respectively assigned to them by that Code 3[or, as the case may be, that law].

CHAPTER II

SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF ACT IN CERTAIN CASES

5. Application of Act to certain forces under the 1[Federal Government].___(1) The 1[Federal
Government] may, by notification, apply, with or without modifications, all or any of the provisions of
this Act to any force raised and maintained in Pakistan and suspend the operation of any other
enactment for the time being applicable to the said force.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 3, “for appointed”.
3 Ins. and added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 2.

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(2) The provisions of this Act so applied shall have effect in respect of persons belonging to the
said force as they have effect in respect of persons subject to this Act holding in the Air Force the
same or equivalent rank as the aforesaid persons hold for the time being in the said force.

(3) The provisions of this Act so applied shall also have effect in respect of persons who are
employed by, or are in the service of, or are followers of, or accompany any portion of the said force
as they have effect in respect of persons subject to this Act under clause (d) of section 2.

(4) While any of the provisions of this Act apply to the said force, the 1[Federal Government]
may, by notification, direct by what authority any jurisdiction, powers or duties incident to the
operation of these provisions shall be exercised or performed in respect of the said force.

6. Special provision as to rank in certain cases.___(1) The 1[Federal Government] may, by
notification2, direct that any persons or class of persons subject to this Act under clause (d) of section
2, shall be so subject as officers, warrant officers or non‑commissioned officers, and may authorise
any officer to give a like direction or to cancel such direction.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 For notification under subsection see Gaz. of Pak. 1957, pt. III, P. 226.

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(2) All persons subject to this Act other than officers, warrant officers and non‑commissioned
officers, shall, if they are not persons in respect of whom a notification or direction under subsection
(1) is in force, be deemed to be of a rank inferior to that of a non‑commissioned officer.

7. Commanding officers of persons subject to Air Force law under clause (d) of section
2.___(1) Every person subject to this Act, under clause (d) of section 2 shall for the purposes of this
Act, be deemed to be under the commanding officer of the unit, or detachment, if any, to which he is
attached, or if he is not so attached, under the command of any officer who may for the time being be
named as his commanding officer by the officer commanding the force with which such person may
for the time being be serving, or of any other prescribed officer, or if no such officer is named or
prescribed, under the command of the said officer commanding the force.

(2) An officer commanding a force shall not place a person subject to this Act under clause (d) of
section 2 under the command of an officer of official rank inferior to that of such person if there is
present at the place where such person is any officer of higher rank under whose command he can be
placed.

8. Officers exercising powers in certain cases.___(1) Whenever persons subject to this Act are
serving whether within or without Pakistan under an officer not subject to this Act, the 1[Federal
Government] may prescribe the officer by whom the powers which, under this Act, may be exercised
by officer commanding units, shall, as regards such persons, be exercised.

(2) The 1[Federal Government] may confer such powers either absolutely or subject to such
restrictions, reservations, exceptions and conditions as it may think fit.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

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9. Exercise of powers vested in holder of Air Force office. Any power or jurisdiction given to,
and any act or thing to be done by, to, or before any person holding any Air Force appointment may
be exercised by, or done by, to, or before any other person for the time being authorised in that behalf
according to the custom of the service, or according to rules made under this Act.

10. Power to declare persons to be on active service. Notwithstanding anything contained in
clause (i) of section 4, the 1[Federal Government] may, by notification, declare that any persons or
class of persons subject to this Act shall, with reference to any area in which they may be serving or
with reference to any provision of this Act or of any other law for the time being in force, be deemed
to be on active service within the meaning of this Act.

_____

CHAPTERIII

2[COMMISSION AND ENROLMENT.]

3[11. Grant of Commissions. The President may grant to such person as he thinks fit a
commission as an officer or a junior commission as a warrant officer of the Air Force.]

4[12. Ineligibility of aliens for enrolment. No person who is not a citizen of Pakistan shall,
except with the consent of the Federal Government signified in writing, be granted a commission or a
junior commission or be enrolled in the Air Force.]

13. Procedure before enrolling officer. Upon the appearance before the prescribed enrolling
officer of any person desirous of being enrolled, the enrolling officer shall read and explain

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 4.
3 Subs. ibid., s. 5.
4 Section 12 which was previously amended by Act 6 of 1958, 8 of 1963, have been subs. by the Federal Laws (Revision and Declaration), Ordinance, 1981 (27 of 1981), s. 3, and

2 nd Sch.

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to him, or cause to be read and explained to him in his presence, the conditions of the service for
which he is to be enrolled ; and shall put to him the questions set forth in the prescribed form of
enrolment, and shall, after having cautioned him that if he makes a false answer to any such question
he will be liable to punishment under this Act, record or cause to be recorded his answer to each such
question.

14. Mode of enrolment. If, after complying with the provisions of section 13, the enrolling
officer is satisfied that the person desirous of being enrolled fully understands the questions put to
him and consents to the conditions of service, and if such officer perceives no impediment, he shall
sign and shall also cause such person to sign the enrolment paper, and such person shall thereupon be
deemed to be enrolled.

15. Validity of enrolment. Every person who has for the space of three months been in receipt of
pay as a person enrolled under this Act and been borne on the rolls of any unit shall be deemed to
have been duly enrolled and shall not be entitled to claim his discharge on the ground of any
irregularity or illegality in his enrolment or on any other ground whatsoever ; and if any person in
receipt of such pay and borne on the rolls as aforesaid claims his discharge before the expiry of three
months from his enrolment, no such irregularity or illegality or other ground shall, until he is
discharged in pursuance of his claim, affect his position as an enrolled person under this Act or
invalidate any proceedings, act or thing taken or done prior to his discharge.

16. Persons to be attested. The following persons shall be attested, namely :__

(a) all persons enrolled as combatants ;

(b) all other persons subject to this Act as may be prescribed by the 1[Federal Government].

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

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17. Mode of attestation.___(1) When a person who is to be attested is reported fit for duty, or has
completed the prescribed period of probation, an oath or affirmation shall be administered to him in
the prescribed form by his commanding officer in front of his unit or such portion thereof as may be
present, or by any other prescribed person.

1[(2) The form of oath or affirmation prescribed under this section shall contain a promise that the
person to be attested will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan and uphold the Constitution of the
Islamic Republic of Pakistan which embodies the will of the people, that he will not engage himself in
any political activities whatsoever and that he will honestly and faithfully serve Pakistan in the
Pakistan Air Force as required by or under the law, and that he will obey all commands of any officer
set over him, even to the peril of his life.]

_____

CHAPTER IV

CONDITIONS OF SERVICE

18. Tenure of service under the Act. Every person subject to this Act shall hold office during the
pleasure of the 2[President].

19. Termination of service by 3[Federal Government]. Subject to the provisions of this Act and
the rules and the regulations made thereunder, the 3[Federal Government] may dismiss or remove
from the service any person subject to this Act.

20. Dismissal, removal or reduction by 4[Chief of the Air Staff] or other officers.___(1) The
4[Chief of the Air Staff], or any officer, empowered in this behalf under the rules may at any time
dismiss or remove from the service any person subject to this Act other than an officer.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Sch., subsections (3) (2) was previously subs. by Act 8 of 1963, s. 6.
2 Subs. by the Pakistan Air force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 8, for “Governor General”.
3 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and table, for “Central Government”.
4 Subs. ibid., for “CommanderinChief”.

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(2) The 1[Chief of the Air Staff] or any officer empowered in this behalf under the rules may
reduce to a lower grade, or to a lower rank or to the ranks 2* * * any non‑commissioned
officer.

(3) The 1[Chief of the Air Staff] or any officer empowered in this behalf under the rules may
reduce to a lower class in the ranks any airman other than a 2* * * non‑commissioned
officer.

(4) The commanding officer of an acting non‑commissioned officer may order him to revert to his
substantive rank as a non‑commissioned officer, or if he has no substantive rank, to the ranks.

(5) On active service, an officer commanding the air forces in the field may reduce to a lower
rank or to the ranks any 2* * * noncommissioned officer under his command.

(6) The exercise of any powers under this section shall be subject to the other provisions
contained in this Act, and the rules and regulations made thereunder.

21. Retirement, release or discharge. Any person subject to this Act may be retired, released or
discharged from the service by such authority and in such manner as may be prescribed.

22. Certificate on termination of service. Every warrant officer, or enrolled person who is
dismissed, removed, discharged, retired or released from the service shall be furnished by his
commanding officer with a certificate setting forth___

(a) the authority terminating his service ;

(b) the cause for such termination ; and

23. Discharge or dismissal when out of Pakistan. ___(1) Any person enrolled under this Act
who is entitled under the conditions of his enrolment to be discharged, or whose discharge is ordered
by a competent authority,

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975,Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.
2 Certain words omitted by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 7.

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and who, when he is so entitled or ordered to be discharged, is serving out of Pakistan, and requests
to be sent to Pakistan, shall, before being discharged, be sent to Pakistan with all convenient speed.

(2) Any person enrolled under this Act who is dismissed from the service and who, when he is so
dismissed, is serving out of Pakistan, shall be sent to Pakistan with all convenient speed.

(3) Where any such person as is mentioned in subsection (2) is sentenced to dismissal combined
with any other punishment, such other punishment, or, in the case of a sentence of imprisonment or
detention, a portion of such sentence, may be inflicted before he is sent to Pakistan.

(4) For the purposes of this section, the word “discharge” includes release, and the word
“dismissal” includes removal.

24. Power to modify certain fundamental rights in their application to persons subject to
this Act. Subject to the provisions of any law for the time being in force relating to the Air Force or to
any branch thereof, the 1[Federal Government] may, by notification, make rules2 restricting in such
manner and to such extent as may be specified the right of any person subject to this Act___

(a) to be a member of, or to be associated in any way with, any trade union or labour union,
or any class of trade or labour union or any society, institution or association, or any class
of societies, institutions or associations ;

(b) to attend or address any meeting or to take part in any demonstration organized by any
body of persons for any political or other purposes ;

_____

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 For the Pakistan Air Force Act, Rules, 1957, see Gaz. of P., 1957, Ext., pp. 2271 ___ 2415.

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CHAPTER V

SERVICE PRIVILEGES

25. Authorised deductions only to be made from pay. The pay 1[and allowances] of every
person subject to this Act due to him as such under any regulation for the time being in force, shall be
paid without any deduction other than the deductions authorised by or under this or any other Act, or
prescribed by the 2[Federal Government].

26. Remedy of aggrieved 3[Warrant officer and] airmen.___(1) Any 3[Warrant officer or]
airman who deems himself wronged by any superior or other officer may, if not attached to a unit or
detachment, complain to the officer under whose command or order he is serving ; and may, if
attached to a 'unit or detachment, complain to the officer commanding the same.

(2) When the officer complained against is the officer to whom any complaint should, under sub
section (1) be preferred, the aggrieved 3[Warrant officers or] airman may complain to such officer’s
next superior officer , and if he thinks himself wronged by such superior officer, he may complain to
the 4[Chief of the Air Staff].

(3) Every officer receiving any such complaint shall make as complete an investigation into it as
may be possible for giving full redress to the complainant ; or when necessary, refer the complaint to
a superior authority.

(4) Every such complaint shall be preferred in such manner as may from time to time be specified
by the proper authority.

(5) The 2[Federal Government] may revise any decision by the 4[Chief of the Air Staff] under
subsection (2), but subject thereto, the decision of the 4[Chief of the Air Staff] shall be final.

27. Remedy of aggrieved officers. Any officer who deems himself wronged by his commanding
officer or any superior officer, and who on due application

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 9 (with effect from the 23 rd March. 1958).
2 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
3 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 8.
4 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.

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made to his commanding officer, does not receive the redress to which he considers himself entitled,
may complain to the 1[Federal Government] in such manner as may from time to time be specified by
the proper authority.

28. Immunity from attachment. The arms, clothes, equipment, accoutrement or necessaries of
any person subject to this Act shall not be seized, and the pay and allowances of any such person or
any part thereof shall not be attached, by direction of any civil or revenue court or any revenue
officer, in satisfaction of any decree or order enforceable against him.

29. Immunity from arrest for debt.___(1) No person subject to this Act shall so long as he
belongs to the Air Force, be liable to be arrested for debt under any process issued by, or by the
authority of, any civil or revenue court or revenue officer.

(2) The judge of any such court or the said officer may examine into any complaint made by such
person or his superior officer of the arrest of such person contrary to the provisions of this section,
and may by warrant under his hand, discharge the person, and award reasonable costs to the
complainant, who may recover these costs in like manner as he might have recovered costs awarded
to him by a decree against the person obtaining the process.

(3) For the recovery of such costs no court‑fee shall be payable by the complainant.

30. Immunity of persons attending courts‑martial from arrest.___(1) No president or member
of a court‑martial, no judge advocate, no party to any proceeding before a court‑martial, or his legal
practitioner or agent, and no witness acting in obedience to a summons to attend a court‑martial,
shall, while proceeding to, attending, or returning from a court‑‑martial, be liable to arrest by civil or
revenue process.

(2) If any such person is arrest under any such process, he may be discharged by order of the
court‑martial.

31. Privileges of reservists. Every person belonging to the Air Force Reserve shall, when called
out for, or engaged in, or returning from training or service, be entitled to all the privileges accorded
by sections 28 and 29 to a person subject to this Act.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and table, for “Central Government”.

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32. Priority in respect of Air Force personnel’s litigation.___(1) On the presentation to any
court by or on behalf of any person subject to this Act of a certificate, from the proper Air Force
authority, of leave of absence having been granted to or applied for by him for the purpose of
prosecuting or defending any suit or other proceeding in such court, the court shall, on the application
of such person, arrange, so far as may be possible, for the hearing and final disposal of such suit or
other proceeding within the period of the leave so granted or applied for.

(2) The certificate from the proper Air Force authority shall state the first and last day of the
leave or intended leave, and set forth a description of the case with respect to which the leave was
granted or applied for.

(3) No fee shall be payable to the court in respect of the presentation of any such certificate or of
any application by or on behalf of any such person for priority for the hearing of his case.

(4) Where the court is unable to arrange for the hearing and final disposal of the suit or other
proceeding within the period of such leave or intended leave as aforesaid, it shall record its reasons
for its inability to do so, and shall cause a copy thereof to be furnished to such person on his
application without any payment whatever by him in respect either of the application for such copy
or of the copy itself.

(5) If in any case a question arises as to the proper Air Force authority qualified to grant such
certificate as aforesaid, such question shall be at once referred by the court to an officer, commanding
an Air Force Station or a superior Air Force authority whose decision shall be final.

33. Saving of rights and privileges under other laws. The rights and privileges specified in the
preceding sections of this chapter shall be in addition to any others conferred on persons subject to
this Act or on members of the regular Army, Navy and Air Force generally by any other law for the
time being in force.

Page 25 of 105
CHAPTER VI

OFFENCES

34. Offences in relation to the enemy and punishable with death. Any person subject to this
Act, who commits any of the following offences, that is to say :___

(a) shamefully abandons or delivers up any garrison, fortress, post, place or guard, committed
to his charge, or which it is his duty to defend, or uses any means to compel or induce any
commanding officer or other person to commit the said act ;

(b) intentionally uses any means to compel or induce any person subject to Military, Naval or
Air Force law to abstain from acting against the enemy, or to discourage such person from
acting against the enemy ; or

(c) in the presence of the enemy shamefully casts away his arms, ammunition, tools or
equipment or misbehaves in such manner as to show cowardice ; or

(d) treacherously holds correspondence with, or communicates intelligence to, the enemy or
any person in arms against Pakistan ; or

(e) directly or indirectly assists the enemy with money, arms, ammunition, stores or supplies ;
or

(f) treacherously or through cowardice sends a flag of truce to the enemy ; or

(g) in time of war or during any Air Force operation, intentionally occasions a false alarm in
actions, camp or quarters or spreads reports calculated to create alarm or despondency ;
or

(h) in time of action leaves his commanding officer or his post, guard, piquet, patrol or party
without being regularly relieved or without leave ; or

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(i) having been made a prisoner of war, voluntarily serves with or aids the enemy or

(j) knowingly harbours or protects an enemy not being a prisoner ; or

(k) being a sentry in time of war or alarm, sleeps upon his post or is intoxicated ; or

(l) knowingly does any act calculated to imperil the success of the Military, Naval or Air
Forces of Pakistan or any forces co‑operating therewith or any part of such forces ; or

(m) treacherously or shamefully causes the capture or destruction by the enemy of any
aircraft belonging to the Government ; or

(n) treacherously uses any false air signal or alters or interferes with any air signal ; or

(o) when ordered by his superior officer or otherwise under orders to carry out any Air Force
operations, treacherously or shamefully fails to use his utmost exertions to carry such
orders into effect ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer death.

35. Offences in relation to the enemy and not punishable with death. Any person subject to
this Act who commits any of the following offences, that is to say :___

(a) is taken prisoner, by want of due precaution, or through disobedience of orders, or wilful
neglect of duty, or having been taken prisoner, fails to rejoin his service when able to do
so ; or

(b) without due authority holds correspondence with or communicates intelligence to the
enemy ; or having come by the knowledge of any such correspondence or communication
wilfully omits to discover it immediately to his commanding or other superior officer ; or

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(c) without due authority sends flag of truce to the enemy ; or

(d) negligently causes the capture or destruction by the enemy of any aircraft belonging to the
Government ; or

(e) when ordered by his superior officer, or otherwise under orders to carry out any warlike
operations in the air, negligently or through other default fails to use his utmost exertions
to carry such orders into effect ;

Shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer long imprisonment.

36. Offences punishable more severely on active service than at other times. Any person
subject to this Act who commits any of the following offences, that is to say :___

(a) forces a safeguard, or forces or uses criminal force to a sentry ; or

(b) breaks into any house or other place in search of plunder ; or

(d) without orders from his superior officer leaves his guard, piquet, patrol or post ; or

(e) intentionally or through neglect occasions a false alarm in camp or quarters, or spreads
reports calculated to create unnecessary alarm or despondency ; or

(f) makes known the parole, watchword or countersign to any person not entitled to receive it
; or knowingly gives a parole, watchword or countersigns different from what he received
; or

(g) without due authority alters or interferes with any air signal ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial,

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if he commits any such offence when on active service, be liable to suffer long imprisonment; and

if he commits any such offence when not on active service, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

37. Mutiny. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of the following offences, that is to
say :___

(a) begins, incites, causes, or conspires with any other persons to cause, any mutiny in the
Military, Naval or Air Forces of Pakistan or any forces co‑operating therewith ; or

(b) joins in any such mutiny ; or

(d) knowing or having reason to believe in the existence of any such mutiny, or of any
intention to commit such mutiny or any such conspiracy, does not, without delay, give
information thereof to his commanding or other superior officer ; or

(e) endeavours to seduce any person in the Military, Naval or Air Force of Pakistan from his
duty or allegiance to the Government ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer death.

38. Desertion and aiding desertion.____(1) Any person subject to this Act who deserts or
attempts to desert the service, shall on conviction by court‑martial,___

if he commits the offence on active service or when under orders for active service, be liable to
suffer long imprisonment ; and

Page 29 of 105
if he commits the offence under any other circumstances, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

(2) Any person subject to this Act,___

who knowingly harbours any such deserters ; or

who being cognisant of any desertion or attempt at desertion of a person subject to this
Act, does not forthwith give notice to his own or some other superior officer, or take any
steps in his powers to cause such person to be apprehended;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

39. Absence without leave. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of the following
offences, that is to say,___

(a) absents himself without leave ; or

(b) without sufficient cause overstays leave granted to him ; or

(c) being on leave of absence and having received information from proper authority that any
unit or detachment to which he belongs, has been ordered on active service fails, without
sufficient cause, to rejoin without delay ; or

(d) without sufficient cause fails to appear at the time fixed, at the parade or place appointed
for exercise or duty ; or

(e) when on parade, or on the line of march, without sufficient cause, or without leave from
his superior officer, quits the parade or line of march; or

(f) when in camp or elsewhere, is found beyond any limits fixed, or in any place prohibited by
any general, local or other order without a pass or written leave from his superior officer ;
or

(g) without leave from his superior officer or without due cause, absents himself from

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any school when duly ordered to attend there ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

40. Striking or threatening superior officer. Any person subject to this Act who commits any
of the following offences, that is to say :__

(a) uses criminal force to, or assaults his superior officer ; or

(b) uses threatening language to such officer ; or

shall, on conviction by court‑martial,

if such officer is at the time in the execution of his office or, if the offence is committed on active
service, be liable to suffer long imprisonment; and

in other cases, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

41. Disobedience to superior officer.___ (1) Any person subject to this Act who disobeys in such
manner as to show a wilful defiance of authority any lawful command given personally by his
superior officer in the execution of his office whether the same is given orally or in writing or by
signal or otherwise shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer long imprisonment.

(2) Any person subject to this Act, who disobeys any lawful command given by his superior
officer shall, on conviction by court‑martial,___

if he commits such offence when on active service, be liable to suffer long imprisonment ; and

if he commits such offence when not on active service, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

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42. Insubordination and obstruction.‑Any person subject to this Act, who commits any of the
following offences, that is to say :___

(a) being concerned in any quarrel, affray or disorder, refuses to obey any officer, though of
inferior rank, who orders him into arrest, or uses criminal force to or assaults any such
officer ; or

(b) uses criminal force to, or assaults any person, whether subject to this Act or not, in whose
custody he is lawfully placed, and whether he is or is not his superior officer ; or

(d) breaks out of barracks, camp or quarters ; or

(e) neglects to obey any general, local or other order ; or

(f) impedes the provost‑marshal or any person lawfully acting on his behalf, or when called
upon, refuses to assist in the execution of his duty a provost‑marshal or any person
lawfully acting on his behalf ; or

(g) uses criminal force to, or assaults any person bringing provisions or supplies to the Forces
;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

43. Fraudulent enrollment. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of the following
offences, that is to say ,___

(a) without having obtained a regular discharge from the Air Force or otherwise fulfilled the
conditions enabling him to enroll or enter, enrolls himself in, or enters the said force or
any part of the Military or Naval Forces of Pakistan ; or

(b) is concerned in the enrolment in any part of the forces of any person, when he knows or
has reason to believe such person to be

Page 32 of 105
so circumstanced that by enrolling he commits an offence against this Act ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

44. False answers on enrolment. Any person having become subject to this Act who is
discovered to have made at the time of enrolment a wilfully false answer to any question set forth in
the prescribed form of enrolment which has been put to him by the enrolling officer before whom he
appears for the purpose of being enrolled, shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer
short imprisonment.

45. Unbecoming conduct. Any officer or warrant officer who behaves in a manner unbecoming
his position and the character expected of him shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to be
dismissed.

46. Certain forms of disgraceful conduct. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of
the following offences, that is to say ,___

(a) is guilty of any disgraceful conduct of a cruel, indecent or unnatural kind ; or

(b) malingers, or feigns, or produces disease or infirmity in himself, or intentionally delays his
cure or aggravates his disease or infirmity ; or

(c) with intent to render himself or any other person unfit for service, voluntarily causes hurt
to himself or that person ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

47. Ill‑treating a subordinate. Any officer, warrant officer or noncommissioned officer, who
uses criminal force to or otherwise ill‑treats any person subject to this Act, being his subordinate in
rank or position, shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

1[48. Intoxication.___(1) Any person subject to this Act who is found in a state of intoxication

shall, on conviction by court‑martial___

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 3.

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if he commits such offence when on active service or on duty, be liable to suffer rigorous
imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years; and

if he commits such offence when not on active service or not on duty, be liable to suffer rigorous
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years.].

49. Permitting escape of person in custody. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of
the following offences, that is to say :___

(a) when in command of a guard, piquet, patrol or post, releases without proper authority,
whether wilfully or without reasonable excuse any person committed to his charge or
refuses to receive any prisoner or person so committed ; or

(b) wilfully or without reasonable excuse allows to escape any person who is committed to his
charge, or whom it is his duty to keep or guard ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable, if he has acted wilfully, to suffer long imprisonment ;
and if he has not acted wilfully, to suffer short imprisonment.

50. Irregularity in connection with arrest or confinement. Any person subject to this Act, who
commits any of the following offences, that is to say ,___

(a) unnecessarily detains a person in arrest or confinement without bringing him to trial, or
fails to bring his case before the proper authority for investigation ; or

(b) having committed a person to Air Force custody fails without reasonable cause to deliver
at the time of such committal, or as soon as practicable, and in any case within forty‑eight
hours thereafter, to the officer or other person into whose custody the person arrested is
committed, an account in writing signed by himself of the offence with which the person
so committed is charged ;

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shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

51. Escape from custody. Any person subject to this Act who, being in lawful custody, escapes
or attempts to escape, shall, on conviction by courtmartial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

52. Offences in respect of property. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of the
following offences, that is to say :___

(a) commits theft of any property belonging to the Government, or to any Military, Naval or
Air Force mess, band or institution, or to any person subject to Military, Naval or Air
Force law; or serving with or attached to the Air Force ; or

(b) dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use any such property ; or

(d) dishonestly receives or retains any such property in respect of which any of the offences
under clauses (a), (b) and (c) has been committed, knowing or having reason to believe
the commission of such offences ; or

(e) wilfully destroys or injures any property of the Government entrusted to him ; or

(f ) does any other thing with intent to defraud, or to cause wrongful gain to one person or
wrongful loss to another person ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer long imprisonment.

53. Extortion and corruption.‑Any person subject to this Act who commits any of the following
offences, that is to say :___

(a) commits extortion ; or

(b) without proper authority exacts from any person money, provisions or service ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

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54. Making away with equipment. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of the
following offences, that is to say :___

(a) makes away with, or is concerned in making away with, any arms ammunition, equipment,
instruments, tools, clothing or any other thing being the property of the Government
issued to him for his use or entrusted to him ; or

(b) loses by neglect anything mentioned in clause (a) ; or

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

55. Injury to property. Any person subject to this Act, who commits any of the following
offences, that is to say :___

(a) destroys or injures any property mentioned in clause (a) of section 54, or any property
belonging to any Military, Naval or Air Force mess, band or institution, or to any person
subject to Military, Naval or Air Force law, or serving with, or attached to, the Air Force ;
or

(b) commits any act which causes damage to, or destruction of, any property of Government
by fire ; or

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

56. False accusation. Any person subject to this Act, who commits any of the following offences,
that is to say :___

(a) makes a false accusation against any person subject to this Act, knowing or having reason
to believe such accusation to be false ; or

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(b) in making a complaint under section 26 or section 27 makes any statement affecting the
character of any person subject to this Act, knowing or having reason to believe such
statement to be false, or knowingly and wilfully suppresses any material facts ;

shall on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

57. Falsifying official document and false declaration. Any person subject to this Act, who
commits any of the following offences, that is to say :___

(a) in any report, return, list, certificate, book or other document made or signed by him, or of
the contents of which it is his duty to ascertain the accuracy, knowingly makes, or is privy
to the making of, any false or fraudulent statement ; or

(b) in any document of the description mentioned in clause (a) knowingly makes, or is privy
to the making of, any omission, with intent to defraud ; or

(c) knowingly and with intent to injure any person or knowingly and with intent to defraud,
suppresses, defaces, alters or makes away with any document which it is his duty to
preserve or produce ; or

(d) where it is his official duty to make a declaration respecting any matter, knowingly makes
a false declaration ; or

(e) obtains for himself, or for any other persons, any pension, allowance or other advantage or
privilege by a statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false
or does not believe to be true, or by making or using a false entry

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in any book or record, or by making any document containing a false statement, or by
omitting to make a true entry or document containing a true statement ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

58. Signing in blank and failure to report.‑Any person subject to this Act who commits any of
the following offences, that is to say :___

(a) when signing any document relating to pay, arms, ammunition, equipment, clothing,
supplies or stores, or any property of the Government fraudulently leaves in blank any
material part for which his signature is a voucher ; or

(b) refuses or by culpable neglect omits to make or send a report or return which it is his duty
to make or send ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

59. Offences relating to courts‑martial. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of the
following offences, that is to say :___

(a) being duly summoned or ordered to attend as a witness before a court‑martial wilfully or
without reasonable excuse, makes default in attending ; or

(b) refuses to take an oath or make an affirmation legally required by a court‑martial to be
taken or made ; or

(c) refuses to produce or deliver any document in his power or control legally required by a
courtmartial to be produced or delivered by him; or

(d) refuses when a witness to answer any question which he is by law bound to answer; or

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(e) is guilty of contempt of court‑martial by using insulting or threatening language; or by
causing any interruption or disturbance in the proceedings of such court ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

60. False evidence. Any person subject to this Act who, having been duly sworn or affirmed
before any court‑martial, or 1[other authority] competent under this Act to administer an oath or
affirmation, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or
does not believe to be true, shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short
imprisonment .

61. Unlawful detention of pay. Any officer, warrant officer or noncommissioned officer who,
having received the pay of a person subject to this Act unlawfully detains or refuses to pay the same
when due, shall on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

62. Offences in relation to aircraft and flying. Any person subject to this Act who commits any
of the following offences, that is to say:___

(a) wilfully or without reasonable excuse damages, destroys or loses any aircraft or aircraft
material belonging to the Government ; or

(b) is guilty of any act or neglect likely to cause such damage, destruction or loss ; or

(d) is guilty of any act or neglect in flying, or in the use of any aircraft, or in relation to any
aircraft or aircraft material, which causes or is likely to cause loss of life or bodily injury
to any person ; or

1 Subs. by the Pakistan AirForce (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 9, for “other court”.

Page 39 of 105
(e) during a state of war, wilfully and without proper occasion, or negligently, causes the
sequestration, by or under the authority of a neutral State, or the destruction in a neutral
State, of any aircraft belonging to the Government,

shall, on conviction by court martial, be liable, if he has acted wilfully, to suffer long imprisonment,
and, in any other case, to suffer short imprisonment.

63. Other offences relating to aircraft and flying. Any person subject to this Act who commits
any of the following offences, that is to say :___

(a) signs any certificate in relation to an aircraft or aircraft material belonging to the
Government without ensuring the accuracy thereof ; or

(b) being the pilot of an aircraft belonging to the Government, flies it at a height less then
such height as may be specified by the 1[Chief of the Air Staff], except while taking off or
landing, or in such other circumstances as may be specified by the 1[Chief of the Air
Staff] ; or

(c) being the pilot of an aircraft belonging to the Government, flies it so as to cause, or to be
likely to cause, unnecessary annoyance to any person;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

64. Disobedience of lawful command of captain of aircraft. Any person subject to this Act
who, whatever his rank, commits any of the following offences, that is to say :___

(a) while he is in an aircraft disobeys any lawful command given by the captain of the
aircraft, whether such captain is subject to this Act or not as respects all matters relating
to the flying or handling of the aircraft, or affecting the safety thereof ; or

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975., Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.

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(b) being the captain of a glider aircraft towed by another aircraft disobeys any lawful
command given by the captain of the towing aircraft, whether the latter is subject to this
Act or not, as respect all matters aforesaid ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer long imprisonment.

65. Violation of good order and Air Force discipline. Any person subject to this Act who is
guilty of any act or omission which though not specified in this Act, is prejudicial to good order and
Air Force discipline shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

66. Miscellaneous offences. Any person subject to this Act who commits any of the following
offences, that is to say :___

(a) being in command at any post or on the march and receiving a complaint that any one
under his command has beaten or otherwise maltreated or oppressed any person, or has
disturbed any fair or market, or committed any riot or trespass, fails to have due
reparation made to the injured person or to report the case to the proper authority ; or

(b) by defiling any place of worship, or otherwise, intentionally insults the religion or wounds
the religious feelings of any person ; or

(d) being below the rank of warrant officer, when off duty, appears, without proper authority,
in or about camp or cantonments, or in or about, or when going to or returning from, any
town or bazar, carrying a rifle, sword or other offensive weapon ; or

Page 41 of 105
(e) directly or indirectly accepts or obtains, or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain for
himself or for any other person, any gratification as a motive or reward for procuring the
enrolment of any person, or leave of absence, promotion or any other advantage or
indulgence for any person in the service ; or

(f) commits any offence against the property or person of any inhabitant of, or resident in, the
country in which he is serving ;

shall, on conviction by court‑martial, be liable to suffer short imprisonment.

67. Attempt. Any person subject to this Act who attempts to commit any of the offences
specified in sections 34 to 66 inclusive, or to cause such an offence to be committed, and in such
attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence shall, on conviction by court‑martial,
where no express provision is made by this Act for the punishment of such attempt, be liable,

if the offence attempted to be committed is punishable with death, to suffer long imprisonment ;
and

if the offence attempted to be committed is punishable with imprisonment to suffer imprisonment
for a term which may extend to one‑half of the longest term provided for that offence.

68. Abetment of offences that have been committed. Any person subject to this Act who abets
the commission of any of the offences specified in sections 34 to 66 inclusive, shall, on conviction by
court‑martial, if the act abetted is committed in consequence of the abetment and no express
provision is made by this Act for the punishment of such abetment, be liable to suffer the punishment
provided for that offence.

Page 42 of 105
69. Abetment of offences punishable with death and not committed. Any person subject to this
Act who abets the commission of any of the offences punishable with death under sections 34 to 37
shall, on conviction by courtmartial, if that offence be not committed in consequence of the
abetment and no express provision is made by this Act for the punishment of such abetment, be liable
to suffer long imprisonment.

70. Abetment of offences punishable with imprisonment and not committed. Any person
subject to this Act who abets the commission of any of the offences specified in sections 34 to 66
inclusive, and punishable with imprisonment shall, on conviction by court‑martial, if that offence be
not committed in consequence of the abetment, and no express provision is made by this Act for the
punishment of such abetment, be liable to suffer imprisonment for a term which may extend to
one‑half of the longest term provided for that offence.

71. Civil offences.___(1) Subject to the provisions of section 72, any person subject to this Act
who at any place in or beyond Pakistan commits any civil offence shall be deemed to be guilty of an
offence against this Act and, if charged therewith under this section shall be liable to be 1[dealt with
under this Act] and, on conviction, be punishable as follows, that is to say :___

(a) if the offence is one which would be punishable under any law in force in Pakistan with
death or with 2[imprisonment for life], he shall be liable to suffer any punishment,
3* * * , assigned for the offence by the aforesaid 4[law or such] less
punishment as is in this Act mentioned] :

5* * * * * * *

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 10, for “tried by a court martial”.
2 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 4, for “transportation”.
3 Certain words omitted, ibid.
4 Subs. ibid., for “law [and such]” the words in crotchets were inserted by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 10, (w.e.f.23358).
5 Proviso omitted, ibid.

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(b) in any other case, he shall be liable to suffer any punishment, 1* * *, assigned for
the offence by any law in force in Pakistan, or to suffer short imprisonment 2[or such less
punishment as is in this Act mentioned] [:]3
3[Provided that, where the offence of which any such person is found guilty is an offence
liable to hadd under any Islamic law, the sentence awarded to him shall be that provided
for the offence in that law]”.

(2) The powers of a court‑martial 4[or an officer exercising authority under section 82 or section
86 to charge] and to punish any person under this section shall not be affected by reason of the fact
that the civil offence with which such person is charged is also an Air Force offence.

5[(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or in any other law for the time being in
force, a person who becomes subject to this Act by reason of his being accused of an offence
mentioned in clause (dd) of section 2 shall be liable to be tried or otherwise dealt with under this Act
for such offence as if the offence were an offence against this Act and were committed at a time
when such person was subject to this Act; and the provisions of this section shall have effect
accordingly.].

72. Civil offences not triable by courts‑martial. A person subject to this Act who commits an
offence of murder against a person not subject to Military, Naval or Air Force law, or of culpable
homicide not amounting to murder against such a person, or of 6[zina or zinabiljabr] in relation

1 Certain words Omitted by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 9.
2 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 10, (with effect from the 23 rd March, 1958).
3 Subs. and added by Ord. 38 of 1984, s. 4.
4 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 10, for “to try”.
5 Added by the Defence Services Laws (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 1967 (4 of 1967), s. 3.
6 Subs. by Ord. 38 of 1984, s. 5, for “rape”.

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to such a person, shall not be deemed to be guilty of an offence under this Act and shall not be tried
by a court‑martial, unless he commits any of the said offences :___

(a) while on active service, or

(b) at any place outside Pakistan, or

1[(c) at a frontier post specified by the 2[Federal Government] by notification in this behalf.

_____

CHAPTER VII

PUNISHMENTS

3[73. Punishments awardable by courts‑martial. Punishments may be inflicted in respect of
offences committed by persons subject to this Act and convicted by courts‑martial according to the
following scale, that is to say :___

(a ) stoning to death ;

(b) death;

(d) imprisonment for life, which shall be rigorous imprisonment for a term not exceeding
twentyfive years ;

(e) long imprisonment, which may be rigorous or simple for any term not exceeding fourteen
years;

(f) whipping not exceeding one hundred stripes ;

1 For notifn., specifying certain frontier posts for the purposes of this Clause. Sec., Gaz. of P., 1957 Pt. III pp. 225226.
2 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table for “Central Government”.
3 Section 73 subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 6.

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(g) short imprisonment, which may be rigorous or simple for any term not exceeding two
years;

(h) dismissal from the service ;

(i) detention for a period not exceeding two years in case of persons other than officer junior
commissioned officers or warrant officers ;

(j) reduction to the ranks or to a lower rank or to a lower grade, in the case of non
commissioned officers;

(k) forfeiture of seniority of rank, in the case of officer, warrant officers and non
commissioned officers; and forfeiture of all or any part of their service for the purpose of
promotion, in the case of any of them whose promotion depends upon length of service;

(l) forfeiture of service for the purpose of increased pay or any other prescribed purpose;

(m) severe reprimand or reprimand, in the case of officers, warrant officers and non
commissioned officers;

(n) fine;

(o) forfeiture of pay and allowances for a period not exceeding three months for an offence
committed on active service;

(p) forfeiture, in the case of a person sentenced to dismissal from the service, of the whole or
any part of arrears of pay and allowances and other public money due to him at the time
of such dismissal;

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(q) stoppages of pay and allowances to make good the whole or any part of the proved loss or
damage occasioned by the offence of which he is convicted;

(r) any other punishment provided for in any Islamic law:

Provided that:___

(a) a person shall not be sentenced to imprisonment for life or fine except in respect of an
offence of which he is convicted under section 71; and

(b) a person shall not be sentenced to stoning to death, amputation of hand, foot or both or
whipping except in respect of an offence of which he is convicted under any Islamic law.

Explanation.___While computing a sentence under an Islamic law, “imprisonment for life” shall
have the same meaning as in such law.]

74. Alternate punishments awardable by courts‑martial. Subject to the provisions of this Act,
a court‑martial, may, on convicting a person subject to this Act of any of the offences specified in
sections 34 to 70 inclusive, award either the particular punishment with which the offence is stated in
the said sections to be punishable, or, in lieu thereof, any one of the punishments lower in the scale
set out in section 73, regard being had to the nature and degree of the offence.

75. Combination of punishments. A sentence of a court‑martial may award, in addition to or
without any one other punishment, the punishment specified in 1[clause (h)] of section 73 and any
one or more of the punishments specified in 2[clauses (j) to (s)] of that section.

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 7, for “clause (e)”.
2 Subs. ibid., for “clauses (f) to (I)”.

Page 47 of 105
1[76. Special Provisions regarding sentences. Where a person subject to this Act is sentenced
to amputation of hand, foot or both, imprisonment for life, imprisonment or whipping, the court shall
also sentence such person to be dismissed from the service :

Provided that the sentence of dismissal from the service may not be combined with a sentence of
imprisonment not exceeding three months awarded to a person below the rank of a warrant officer
which is to be undergone in Air Force custody.].

77. Field Punishment.___(1) Where any person subject to this Act and under the rank of warrant
officer commits any offence on active service, it shall be lawful for a court‑martial to award for that
offence any such punishment as is prescribed as a field punishment.

(2) Field punishment shall be of the character of personal restraint or of hard labour but shall not
be of a nature to cause injury to life or limb and shall not include flogging.

78. Position of field punishment in scale of punishments. Field punishment shall for the purpose
of commutation, be deemed to stand next below dismissal in the scale of punishments specified in
section 73.

2[79. Result of certain punishment in the case of a non‑commissioned Officer. A non
commissioned officer sentenced by a courtmartial to amputation of hand or foot or both,
imprisonment for life, imprisonment, dismissal from service, detention or field punishment shall be
deemed to be reduced to the ranks.].

80. Retention in the ranks of a person convicted on active service. When, on active service
any enrolled person has been sentenced by a court‑martial to dismissal or to imprisonment or
detention, whether combined with dismissal or not, the prescribed officer may direct that such person
maybe retained to serve in the ranks and such service, shall be reckoned as part of his term of
imprisonment or detention, if any.

1 Section 76 which was previously subs. by Act 6 of 1967, s. 12 has been subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 8.
2 Subs. ibid., s. 9.

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81. Punishments otherwise than by court‑martial. Punishments may also be inflicted in respect of
offences committed by persons subject to this Act without the intervention of a court‑martial and in the manner
stated in sections 82 and 86.

182. Punishment of persons other than officers and warrant officers. Subject to the provisions of
2[section 83 and 84], a commanding officer or such other officer as is, with the consent of the 3[Federal

Government] specified by the 4[Chief of the Air Staff] may, in the prescribed manner, proceed against a person
subject to this Act otherwise than as an officer or warrant officer who is charged with an offence under this Act
and award such‑ person, to the extent prescribed, one or more of the following punishments, that is to say :___

(a) detention up to 5[fortyfive] days ;

(b) confinement to the camp up to fourteen days;

(d) deprivation of acting rank ;

6[(dd) relinquishment of substantive rank 5[:]

5[Provided that the punishment of relinquishment of substantive rank of Senior Technician shall not be
awarded by an officer who is not holding appointment of Base Commander;]

(e) forfeiture of badge pay ;

(f) severe reprimand or reprimand ;

(g) fine up to fourteen days’ pay in any one month ;

(h) penal deductions under clause (g) of section 91 ;

(i) admonition ;

(j) any prescribed field punishment up to twenty‑eight days, in the case of a person on active service
[:] 5.

5[(k) forfeiture of seniority not exceeding twelve months for an airman of the rank of Corporal
Technician or Senior Technician; and

(l) withholding of next increment not exceeding six months for an airman of the rank of Corporal
Technician or Senior Technician:

“Provided that the punishment of withholding of next increment shall not be awarded if the award thereof
has the effect of causing permanent financial loss to an airman for the purposes of pension]

1 For notifn. Under this section, see Gaz. of P., 1958, Pt. III, p. 184.
2 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1963 (8 of 1963), s. 7, for “section 84”
3 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art.2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
4 Subs. ibid., Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.
5 Subs. added by Ord. 59 of 2001, s. 2.
6 New clause (dd) ins. by Act 8 of 1963, s. 7.

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83. Requirement of sanction in certain cases.___(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2),
the punishments mentioned in section 82 shall not be inflicted in respect of an offence under any of
the sections 34, 35 and 36 when committed on active service, or under any of the sections 37, 38, 40,
42 (f) and (g), 43, 47, 52, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66 (a), (b) and (c) and 71 except with the previous sanction
in writing of an officer having power to convene a district court‑martial.

(2) The said punishments may be awarded without such sanction in the case of any offence, other
than an offence under section 34 or section 71, committed by persons who have not been enrolled as
combatants.

84. Limit of punishments under section 82.___(1) An award of punishment under section 82
shall not include field punishment in addition to one or more of the punishments specified in clauses
(a) and (b) of that section.

(2) In the case of an award of two or more of the punishments specified in clauses (a), (b) and (c)
of the said section, the punishment specified in clause (b) or clause (c) shall take effect only at the
end of the punishment specified in clause (a).

1[(3) When punishments specified in the said clauses (a) and (b) are awarded to a person
conjointly, or when already undergoing one or both of the said punishments and any other punishment
is awarded, the whole extent of the punishments shall not exceed in the aggregate fortytwo days.]

(4) The punishments specified in clauses (a), (b), (c), (e), (g), and (j) of section 82 shall not be
awarded to any person who is of the rank of noncommissioned officer or was, at the time of
committing the offence for which he is punished, of such rank.

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1963 (8 of 1963), s. 8, for the original subsection (3).

Page 50 of 105
(5) The punishment specified in clause (f) of the said section shall not be awarded to any person
below the rank of a noncommissioned officer.

1* * * * * * *

85. Punishments in addition to those specified in section 82. The 2[Chief of the Air Staff] may,
with the consent of the 3[Federal Government] specify such other punishments as may be awarded
under section 82 in addition to or without any of the punishments specified in the said section, and
the extent to which such other punishments may be awarded.

86. Punishment of officers and warrant officers. An officer having power to convene a general
court‑martial or such other officer as is, with the consent of the 3[Federal Government] specified by
the 2[Chief of the Air Staff] may, in the prescribed manner, proceed against an officer below the rank
of 1[wing commander] or a warrant officer, who is charged with an offence under this Act, and award
one or more of the following punishments, that is to say :___

(a) forfeiture of seniority, or in the case of any of them whose promotion depends upon length
of service, forfeiture of service for the purpose of promotion for a period not exceeding
twelve months, but subject to the right of the accused previous to the award to elect to be
tried by a court‑martial ;

(b) severe reprimand or reprimand ;

(c) stoppage of pay and allowances for a period not exceeding three months, or until any
proved loss or damage occasioned

1 Omitted Subs. by Ord. 59 of 2001, ss. 3 & 4.
2 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.
3 Subs. ibid., Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

Page 51 of 105
by the offence of which he is convicted is made good, whichever is less but subject to the
right of the accused specified in clause (a) ;

(d) forfeiture of pay and allowances for a period not exceeding three months for an offence
under clause (e) of section 42 in so far as it consists of neglect to obey flying orders or
under section 62 or section 63 1[:]

1[Provided that the punishments provided in this section shall not be inflicted on an officer of the
rank of Squadron Leader unless the officer inflicting the punishment has been authorized to do so,
through a special or general order, by the Chief of the Air Staff.]

87. Transmission of proceedings. In every case in which punishment has been awarded under
section 86, certified true copies of the proceedings shall be forwarded, in the prescribed manner, by
the officer awarding the punishment, to a superior Air Force authority as defined in section 89.

88. Review of proceedings. If any punishment awarded under section 82 or 86, appears to a
superior Air Force authority as defined in section 89 to be illegal, unjust or excessive, such authority
may cancel, vary or remit the punishment and make such other direction as may be appropriate in the
circumstances of the case.

89. Superior Air Force authority. For the purposes of sections 87 and 88, a “superior Air Force
authority” means___

2[(a) in the case of punishments awarded by a commanding officer or an officer specified by

the 3[Chief of the Air Staff] under section 82, any officer superior in command to such
officer ;]

(b) in the case of punishments awarded by any other authority, the 3[Federal Government],
the 2[Chief of the Army Staff] or other officer specified by the 2[Chief of the Army
Staff].

____

1 Subs. and added by Ord. 59 of 2001, s. 4.
2 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1963 (8 of 1963), s. 9, for the original clause (a).
3 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and sch, for “CommanderinChief”.
4 Subs. ibid., Art. 2 and Table for “Central Government”.

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CHAPTER VIII

PENAL DEDUCTIONS

90. Deductions from pay and allowances of officers. Subject to the provisions of section 94, the
following penal deductions may be made from the pay and allowances of an officer, that is to say :___

(a) all pay and allowances due to an officer for every day he absents himself without leave, or
overstays the period for which leave of absence has been granted to him, unless a
satisfactory explanation has been given to his commanding officer and has been approved
by the 1[Federal Government] ;

(b) all pay and allowances for every day while he is 2* * * under suspension
from duty on a charge for an offence of which he is afterwards convicted by a criminal
Court or a court‑martial or by an officer exercising authority under section 86 ;

(c) any sum required to make good the pay of any person subject to this Act which he has
unlawfully retained or unlawfully refused to pay ;

(d) any sum required to make good such compensation for any expenses, loss, damage or
destruction occasioned by the commission of an offence as may be determined by the
court‑martial by whom he is convicted of such offence, or by an officer exercising
authority under section 86 ;

(e) all pay and allowances ordered by a court‑martial or an officer exercising authority under
section 86 to be forfeited or stopped ;

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2, and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 The Original words in custody or Omitted by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 11, (w.e.f. 23 rd March 1958.)

Page 53 of 105
(f) any sum required to pay a fine awarded by a criminal court or a court‑martial exercising
jurisdiction under section 71 ;

(g) any sum required to make good any loss, damage or destruction of public or service
property which, after due investigation, appears to the 1[Federal Government] to have
been occasioned by the wrongful act or negligence on the part of the officer ;

(h) all pay and allowances forfeited by order of the 1[Federal Government] if the officer is
found by a 2[board] of inquiry constituted by the 3[Chief of the Air Staff] in this behalf, to
have deserted to the enemy, or while in enemy hands, to have served with, or under the
orders of the enemy or in any manner to have aided the enemy, or to have allowed
himself to be taken prisoner by the enemy through want of due precaution or through
disobedience of orders or wilful neglect of duty, or having been taken prisoner by the
enemy, to have failed to rejoin his service when it was possible to do so ;

(i) any sum required by order of the 1[Federal Government], which after due investigation
appears to be reasonable, to be paid for the maintenance of his wife or his legitimate or
illegitimate child or towards the cost of any relief given by the said Government to the
said wife or child.

91. Deductions from pay and allowances of 4[warrant officers and airmen]. Subject to the
provisions of section 94, the following penal deductions may be made from

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table for “Central Government”.
2 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 14, for “Court”.
3 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.
4 Ins. by Act 6 of 1967, s. 15.

Page 54 of 105
the pay and allowances of 1[a warrant officer or] an airman, that is to say :___

(a) all pay and allowances for every day of absence either on desertion or without leave, or as
a prisoner of war, and for every day of transportation or imprisonment awarded by a
criminal Court, or a court‑martial, or of detention, or field punishment awarded by a
court‑martial or an officer exercising authority under section 82 ;

(b) all pay and allowances for every day while he is in custody on a charge for an offence of
which he is afterwards convicted by a criminal court or a court‑martial, or on a charge of
absence without leave for which he is afterwards awarded detention or field punishment
by an officer exercising authority under section 82 ;

(c) all pay and allowances for every day on which he is in hospital on account of sickness
certified by the medical officer attending on him to have been caused by an offence under
this Act committed by him ;

(d) for every day on which he is in hospital on account of sickness certified by the medical
officer attending on him to have been caused by his own misconduct or imprudence, such
sum as may be specified by order of the 2[Chief of the Air Staff];

(e) all pay and allowances ordered by a court‑martial or by an officer exercising authority
under section 82 or section 86 to be forfeited or stopped ;

(f) all pay and allowances for every day between his being recovered from the

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967”, (6 of 1967), s. 15.
2 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.

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enemy and his dismissal from the service in consequence of his conduct when being taken
prisoner by, or while in the hands, of the enemy ;

(g) any sum required to make good such compensation for any expenses, loss, damage or
destruction caused by him to the 1[Federal Government] or to any building or property as
may be awarded by his commanding officer ;

(h) any sum required to pay a fine awarded by a criminal Court, a Court‑martial exercising
jurisdiction under section 71, or an officer exercising authority under section 82 ;

(i) any sum required by order of the 1[Federal Government] or any prescribed officer to be
paid for the maintenance of his wife or his legitimate or illegitimate child or towards the
cost of any relief given by the said Government to the said wife or child.

92. Computation of time of absence or custody. For the purposes of clauses (a) and (b) of
section 91___

(a) no person shall be treated as absent or in custody for a day unless the absence or custody,
has lasted, whether wholly in one day, or partly in one day and partly in another, for six
consecutive hours or upwards ;

(b) any absence or custody for less than a day may be reckoned as absence or custody for a
day if such absence or custody prevented the absentees from fulfilling any Air Force duty
which was thereby thrown upon some other person ;

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table for “Central Government”.

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as absence or custody for the whole of each day during any portion of which the person
was absent or in custody ;

(d) a period of absence, imprisonment or detention which commences before and ends after
midnight may be reckoned as a day.

93. Pay and allowances during trial. In the case of any person subject to this Act who is in
custody or under suspension from duty on a charge for an offence, the prescribed officer may direct
that the whole or any part of the pay and allowances of such person shall be withheld, pending the
result of his trial on the charge against him, in order to give effect to the provisions of clause (b) of
sections 90 and 91.

94. Limit of certain deductions. The total deductions from the pay and allowances of a person
made under clauses (d) to (g) and clause (i) of section 90, and clauses (e) and (g) to (i) of section 91
shall not, except where he is sentenced to dismissal, exceed in any one month one‑half of his pay and
allowances for that month.

95. Deduction from public money due to a person. Any sum authorised by this Act to be
deducted from the pay and allowances of any person may, without prejudice to any other mode of
recovering the same, be deducted from any public money due to him other than a pension.

96. Pay and allowances of prisoner of war during inquiry into his conduct. Where the
conduct of any person subject to this Act when being taken prisoner by, or while in the hands of, the
enemy, is to be inquired into under this Act or any other law, the 1[Chief of the Air Staff] or any
officer authorised by him may order that the whole or any part of the pay and allowances of such
person shall be withheld pending the result of such inquiry.

97. Remission of deductions. Any deduction from pay and allowances authorised by this Act
may be remitted in such manner, and to such extent and by such authority, as may from time to time
be prescribed.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.

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98. Provision for dependents of prisoner of war where remission is made. In case of all
persons subject to this Act, being prisoners of war, whose pay and allowances have been forfeited
under clause (h) of section 90 or clause (a) of section 91, but in respect of whom a remission has been
made under section 97, it shall be lawful for proper provision to be made by the prescribed authorities
out of such pay and allowances for any dependants of such persons, and any such remission shall in
that case be deemed to apply only to the balance thereafter remaining of such pay and allowances.

99. Provision for dependants of prisoner of war from his pay and allowances. It shall be
lawful for proper provision to be made by the prescribed authorities for any dependants of any person
subject to this Act, who is a prisoner of war or is missing out of his pay and allowances.

100. Period during which a person is deemed to be a prisoner of war. For the purposes of
sections 98 and 99 a person shall be deemed to continue to be a prisoner of war until the conclusion
of any inquiry into his conduct such as is referred to in section 96, and if he is dismissed from the
service in consequence of such conduct, until the date of such dismissal.

_____

CHAPTER IX

ARREST AND PROCEEDINGS BEFORE TRIAL

101. Custody of offenders.___(1) Any person subject to this Act who is charged with an offence
may be taken into Air Force custody.

(2) Any such person may be ordered into Air Force custody by any superior officer.

(3) Any officer may order into Air Force custody any officer, though he may be of a higher rank,
engaged in a quarrel, affray or disorder.

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102. Duty of Commanding Officer in regard to detention___(1) It shall be the duty of every
commanding officer to take care that a person under his command when charged with an offence is
not detained in custody for more than forty‑eight hours after the committal of such person into
custody is reported to him, without the charge being investigated, unless investigation within that
period seems to him to be impracticable with due regard to the public service.

(2) Every case of a person being detained in custody beyond a period of forty‑eight hours, and
the reason thereof shall be reported by the commanding officer to the Air or other officer to whom
application would be made to convene a general or district Court‑martial for the trial of the person
charged.

(3) In reckoning the period of forty‑eight hours specified in subsection (1), Sundays and public
holidays shall be excluded.

(4) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the 1[Federal Government] may make rules2 providing
for the manner in which and the period for which any person subject to this Act may be taken into
and detained in Air Force custody, pending the trial by any competent authority for any offence
committed by him.

103. Interval between committal and trial. In every case where any such person as is
mentioned in section 101 and as is not on active service remains in such custody for a longer period
than eight days, without a courtmartial for his trial being ordered to assemble, a special report giving
reasons for the delay shall be made by his commanding officer in the manner prescribed ; and a
similar report shall be forwarded every eight days until a court‑martial is assembled or such person is
released from custody.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 For the Pakistan Air Force Act Rules, 1957, see Gaz. of P., 1957, Ext., pp. 22712415.

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104. Arrest by civil authorities. Whenever any person subject to this Act, who is accused of any
offence under this Act, is within the jurisdiction of any magistrate or police officer, such magistrate or
police officer shall aid in the apprehension and delivery to Air Force custody of such person upon
receipt of a written application to that effect signed by his commanding officer.

105. Capture of deserters.___(1) Whenever any person subject to this Act, deserts, the
commanding officer of the unit or detachment to which he belongs, shall give written information of
the desertion to such civil authorities as, in his opinion, may be able to afford assistance towards the
capture of the deserter ; and such authorities shall thereupon take steps for the apprehension of the
said deserter in like manner as if he were a person for whose apprehension a warrant had been issued
by a magistrate, and shall deliver the deserter, when apprehended, into Air Fore custody.

(2) Any police officer may arrest without warrant any person reasonably believed to be subject to
this Act, and to be a deserter or to be traveling without authority, and shall bring him without delay
before the nearest magistrate, to be dealt with according to law.

106. Inquiry into absence without leave.___(1) When any person subject to this Act has been
absent from his duty without due authority for a period of thirty days, a 1[board] of inquiry shall, as
soon as practicable, be assembled and such 1[board] shall on oath or affirmation administered in the
prescribed manner, inquire respecting the absence of the person, and the deficiency, if any, in the
property of the Government entrusted to his care, or in any arms, ammunition, equipment,
instruments, clothing or necessaries, and if satisfied of the fact of such absence without due authority
or other sufficient cause the 1[board] shall declare such absence and the period thereof, and the said
deficiency, if any ; and the commanding officer of the unit to which the person belongs shall enter,

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 16.

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in the court‑martial book of the unit a record of the declaration.

(2) If the person declared absent does not afterwards surrender or is not apprehended, he shall,
for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be a deserter.

1[106A. Inquiry in to any other matter. A board of inquiry may also be assembled in the
prescribed manner to inquire into any matter which may be referred to it.]

107. Provostmarshals.___(1) Provost‑marshals may be appointed by the 2[Chief of the Air
Staff] or by any prescribed officer.

(2) The duties of a provost‑marshal are to take charge of persons confined for any offence, to
preserve good order and discipline, and to prevent breaches of the same by persons serving in, or
attached to the Air Force.

(3) A provost‑marshal may at any time arrest and detain for trial any person subject to this Act
who commits, or is charged with, an offence, and may also carry into effect any punishment to the
inflicted in pursuance of the sentence awarded by a Court‑martial or an officer exercising authority
under section 82 but shall not inflict any punishment on his own authority ;

Provided that no officer shall be so arrested or detained otherwise than on the order of another
officer.

(4) For the purposes of subsections (2) and (3), a “provost‑marshal” shall be deemed to include a
provost‑marshal appointed under the Pakistan Army Act, 1952 (XXXIX of 1952), or 3[the Pakistan
Navy Ordinance, 1961], (XXXV of 1961), and any person legally exercising authority under him or
on his behalf.

____

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967) s. 17.
2 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderinChief”.
3 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1963 (8 of 1963) s. 10 for “the Pakistan Navy Discipline Act, 1964”.

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CHAPTER X

COURTS MARTIAL

108. Different kinds of courts‑martial. For the purposes of this Act there shall be three kinds of
Courts‑martial, that is to say :___

(1) general Courts‑martial ;

(2) district Courts‑martial ; and

(3) field general Courts‑martial.

109. Power to convene a general Court‑martial. A general Court martial may be convened by
the 1[Chief of the Air Staff] or by any officer empowered in this behalf by warrant of the 1[Chief of
the Air Staff].

110. Power to convene a district Court‑martial. A district Court martial may be convened by
any authority having power to convene a general Court‑martial or by any officer empowered in this
behalf by warrant of any such authority.

111. Limitations of powers of convening authorities. A warrant issued under section 109 or
section 110 may contain such restrictions, reservations or conditions as the authority issuing it may
think fit.

112. Power to convene a field general Court‑martial. The following authorities shall have the
power to convene a field general Court‑martial, namely :___

(a) an officer empowered in this behalf by an order of the 2[Federal Government] or of the
1[Chief of the Air Staff].

(b) on active service, the officer commanding the forces in the field, or any officer
empowered by him in this behalf ;

(c) an officer commanding any detached portion of the Air Force on active service, when, in
his opinion, it is not practicable,

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Sch., for, “CommanderinChief”.
2 Subs. ibid., for “Central Government”.

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with due regard to discipline and the exigencies of the service, to try the alleged offender by a general
Court‑martial.

113. Composition of general Court‑martial. A general Court‑martial shall consist of not less
than five officers, each of whom has held a commission for not less than three whole years and of
whom not less than four are of a rank not below that of flight‑lieutenant.

114. Composition of district Court‑martial. A district Court‑martial shall consist of not less
than three officers, each of whom has held a commission for not less than two whole years.

115. Composition of field general Court‑martial. A field general Court martial shall consist of
not less than three officers.

116. Dissolution of Court‑martial.___(1) If a Court‑martial after the commencement of a trial is
reduced below the minimum number of officers required by this Act, it shall be dissolved.

(2) If on account of the illness of the judge advocate or of the accused before the finding, it is
impossible to continue the trial, a Court‑martial shall be dissolved.

(3) The officer who convened a Court‑martial may dissolve such Court martial if it appears to him
that the exigencies of the service or the necessities of discipline render it impossible or inexpedient to
continue the trial.

(4) Where a cCourt‑martial is dissolved under this section, the accused may be tried again.

117. Powers of general and field general Courts‑martial. A general or field general
Court‑martial shall have power to try any person subject to this Act for any offence punishable
therein and to pass any sentence authorised thereby.

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1[118. Powers of district court‑martial. A district court‑martial shall have power to try any person
subject to this Act, except an officer, junior commissioned officer or warrant officer, for any offence
made punishable therein, and to pass any sentence authorised by this Act other than a sentence of
stoning of death, death, amputation of hand, foot or both, imprisonment for a term exceeding two
years or whipping exceeding forty stripes.].

119. Prohibition of second trial. When any person subject to this Act has been acquitted or
convicted of an offence by a Court‑martial or by a Criminal Court, or has been dealt with under
section 82 or section 86, he shall not be liable to be tried again for the same offence by a
Court‑martial 2[or by a Criminal Court] or be dealt with in respect of it under the said sections 3[:]

3[Provided that, where the finding or sentence of the Courtmartial has not been confirmed by
the confirming authority being illegal or unjust, or where proceedings has been annulled under section
161, the confirming authority or the authority competent under section 161, as the case may be, may
order a retrial of such person :

Provided further that, where retrial is necessitated under the provisions of any Islamic law, the
confirming authority or, as the case may be, the Court of Appeals shall order a retrial.]

120. Period of limitation for trial.___(1) Except as provided by subsection (2), no trial by
Court‑martial of any person subject to this Act for any offence shall be commenced after the
expiration of a period of three years from the date of such offence.

(2) The provisions of subsections (1) shall not apply to a trial for an offence of desertion or

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 10.
2 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 18.
3 Subs. and added by Ord. 38 of 1984, s. 11.

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fraudulent enrolment or for any of the offences mentioned in section 37 1[or section 52] 2[or section
71.]

(3) In the computation of the period of time mentioned in subsection (1), any time spent by such
person as a prisoner of war, or in any enemy territory, or in evading arrest after the commission of the
offence, shall be excluded.

(4) No trial for an offence of desertion (other than desertion on active service) or of fraudulent
enrolment shall be commenced if the person in question (not being an officer) has, subsequently to
the commission of the offence served continuously in an exemplary manner for not less than three
years with any portion of the Pakistan regular forces.

121. Liability of offender who ceases to be subject to Act.___(l) Where an offence under this
Act had been committed by any person while subject to this Act, and he has ceased to be so subject,
he may be taken into and kept in Air Force custody, and tried and punished for such offence as if the
had continued to be so subject.

(2) Except as provided by subsections (3) and (4) any such person shall not be tried for any
offence, unless his trial commences within six months after he has ceased to be subject to this Act.

(3) The provisions of subsection (2) shall not apply to the trial of any such person for an offence
of desertion or fraudulent enrolment or for any of the offences mentioned in section 37.

(4) Nothing contained in subsection (2) shall effect the jurisdiction of a Criminal Court to try any
offence triable by such Court as well as by a Court‑martial.

(5) When a person subject to this Act is sentenced by a court‑martial to imprisonment, this Act

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 12. (with effect from the 23 rd March, 1958).
2 Added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 12.

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shall apply to him during the term of his sentence, though he is dismissed from the Air Force or has
otherwise ceased to be subject to this Act, and he may be kept, removed, imprisoned and punished as
if he continued to be subject to this Act.

(6) When a person subject to this Act is sentenced by a Court‑martial to death, this Act shall
apply to him till the sentence is carried out.

122. Place of trial. Any person subject to this Act who commits any offence against it may be
tried and punished for such offence in any place whatever.

123. Order in case of concurrent jurisdiction of Criminal Court and Court‑martial. When a
Criminal Court and a Court‑martial have each jurisdiction in respect of a civil offence, it shall be in
the discretion of the prescribed Air Force authority to decide before which Court the proceedings
shall be instituted, and if that authority decides that they shall be instituted before a Court‑martial, to
direct that the accused person shall be detained in Air Force custody.

1[Explanation.___ In this section the term Courtmartial shall include an officer exercising
authority under section 82 or section 86.]

124. Power of Criminal Court to require delivery of offender.___(1) When a Criminal Court
having jurisdiction is of opinion that proceedings ought to be instituted before itself in respect of any
civil offence, it may, by written notice, require the prescribed Air Force authority at the option of
such authority either to deliver over the offender to the nearest magistrate to be proceeded against
according to law, or to postpone proceedings pending a reference to the 2[Federal Government].

(2) In every such case the said authority shall either deliver over the offender in compliance with
the requisition or shall forthwith refer the question

1 Added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 19.
2 Subs. F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

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as to the Court before which the proceedings are to be instituted for the determination of the
1[Federal Government], whose order upon such reference shall be final.

125. [Trial by Courtmartial no bar to subsequent trial by Criminal Court.] Omitted by the
Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 20.

______

CHAPTER XI

PROCEDURE OF COURTSMARTIAL

126. President. At every Court‑martial the senior member shall sit as President.

2[126A. Religion of confirming officer, president Judge advocate and members of general
district or field general court martial. In the trial, by a general, district or field general Court
martial, of an accused who is a Muslim for an offence punishable under and Islamic law, the
confirming officer, the president, the judge advocate and the members shall be Muslim.].

127. Judge Advocate. Every general Courts‑martial shall, and every district or field general
Court‑martial may, be attended by a judge advocate, who shall be either an officer belonging to the
department of the Judge Advocate General, or if no such officer is available, a fit person appointed
by the convening officer.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 13.

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128. Challenges.___(1) At all trials by Court‑martial, as soon as the Court is assembled, the
names of the president and members shall be read over to the accused, who shall thereupon be asked
whether he objects to being tried by any officer sitting on the Court.

(2) If the accused objects to any such officer, his objection, and also the reply thereto of the
officer objected to, shall be heard and recorded, and the remaining officers of the court shall, in the
absence of the challenged officer, decide on the objection.

(3) If the objection is allowed by one‑half or more of the votes of the officers entitled to vote, the
objections shah be allowed, and the member objected to shall retire, and his vacancy may be filled in
the prescribed manner by another officer, subject to the same right of the accused to object.

(4) When no challenge is made, or when challenges have been made and disallowed, or the place
of every officer successfully challenged has been filled by another officer to whom no objection is
made or allowed, the Court shall proceed with the trial.

129. Oaths of members, judge advocate and witnesses.___(1) An oath or affirmation in the
prescribed form shall be administered in open Court to every member of every Court‑martial and to
the judge advocate (if any) before the commencement of the trial.

(2) An oath or affirmation in the prescribed form shall be administered in open Court to every
officer (if any) in attendance on a Court‑martial for the purpose of instruction, and also to every
shorthand writer or interpreter (if any).

(3) Every person giving evidence before a Court‑martial shall be examined after being duly sworn
or affirmed in the prescribed form :

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Provided that where a Court‑martial is satisfied that a child of tender years is unable to
understand the nature of an oath or affirmation, it may dispense with the administration of oath or
affirmation.

130. Voting by members:___(1) Every decision of a Court‑martial shall be passed by an absolute
majority of votes ; and where there is an equality of votes on either the finding or the sentence, the
decision shall be in favour of the accused:

Provided that no sentence of death shall be passed without the concurrence, in the case of a
general Court‑martial of at least two‑thirds of the members and in the case of a field general
Court‑martial of all the members of the Court 1[:]

1[Provided further that, where the offence of which an accused is found guilty is an offence liable
to hadd under an Islamic law, the sentence awarded shall be that provided for the offence in that
law.].

(2) In matters other than a challenge or the finding or sentence, the president shall have a second
or casting vote.

131. General rule as to evidence. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the rules of evidence in
proceedings before Courts‑martial shall be the same as those which are followed in Criminal Courts.

132. Judicial notice. A Court‑martial may take judicial notice of any matter within the general,
Naval, Military or Air Force knowledge of the members.

133. Summoning witnesses.___(1) The convening officer, the president of the Court, the judge
advocate, or the commanding officer of the accused person may, by summons under his hand, require
the attendance at a time and place to be mentioned in the summons of any person either to give
evidence or to produce any document or thing.

1 Subs. and added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984, (38 of 1984), s. 14.

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(2) In the case of a witness amenable to Air Force, Naval or Military authority, the summons shall
be sent to his commanding officer and such officer shall severe it upon him accordingly.

(3) In the case of any other witness, the summon shall be sent to the magistrate within whose
jurisdiction he may be or reside, and such magistrate shall give effect to the summons as if the witness
were required in the Court of such magistrate.

(4) When a witness is required to produce any particular document or other thing in his
possession or power the summons shall describe it with reasonable precision.

134. Documents exempted from production.___(1) Nothing in section 133 shall be deemed to
affect the operation of sections 123 and 124 of the Evidence Act, 1872 (I of 1872), or to apply to any
letter, postcard, telegram or other document in the custody of the postal or telegraph authorities.

(2) If any document in such custody is, in the opinion of any District Magistrate, High Court or
Court of Session, wanted for the purpose of any Court‑martial, such magistrate or Court may require
the postal or telegraph authorities, as the case may be, to deliver such document to such person as
such magistrate or Court may direct.

(3) If any such document is, in the opinion of any other magistrate or of any commissioner of
police or district superintendent of police, wanted for any such purpose, he may require the postal or
telegraph authorities, as the case may be, to cause search to be made for and to detain such
documents pending the orders of any such District Magistrate, High Court or Court of Session.

1[135. Commission for the examination of witness.___ (1) Whenever, in the course of a trial by
a Court‑martial, it appears to the Court that the examination of a witness is necessary for the ends of

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Army and Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1964 (6 of 1964), s. 3, for the original section 135.

Page 70 of 105
justice, and that the attendance of such witness cannot be procured without an amount of delay,
expense or inconvenience which, in the circumstances of the case, would be unreasonable, such
Court may, if it thinks necessary, issue a commission in the manner specified in Chapter XL of the
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), according as the witness resides in a place in or
outside Pakistan.

(2) The Court may be adjourned for a specified time reasonably sufficient for the execution and
return of the commission.

(3) Such a commission shall be executed by the magistrate or officer to whom it is issued in the
same manner as if it was issued in the trial of a 1[case under Chapter XX of] the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), or of any corresponding law in force at the place where the
evidence is recorded; and shall be returned, together with the deposition of the witness examined
thereunder, to the Judge Advocate General.

(4) The Judge Advocate General will forward the same to the Courtmartial who issued it or, if
the said Courtmartial is in the meanwhile dissolved, to another Courtmartial convened for the trial
of the accused in respect of the same charge and any deposition so taken shall be recorded in
evidence and shall form part of the proceedings of the Court.

Explanation.___In this section, the expression “Judge Advocate General” includes a Deputy
Judge Advocate General.

136. [Examination of a witness on commission.] Omitted by the Pakistan Army and Air Force
(Amdt.) Ordinance, 1964 (6 of 1964), s. 3.

137. Conviction of offence not charged.___ (1) A person charged before a Court‑martial with
desertion may be found guilty of

1 Subs. by the Federal Laws (Revision and Declaration) Ordinance, 1981 (27 of 1981), s. 3, and Sch. II.

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attempting to desert or of being absent without leave.

(2) A person charged before a Court‑martial with attempting to desert may be found guilty of
being absent without leave.

(3) A person charged before a Court‑martial with using criminal force may be found guilty of
assault.

(4) A person charged before a Court‑martial with using threatening language may be found guilty
of using insubordinate language.

(5) A person charged before a Court‑martial with any one of the offences specified in clauses (a),
(b), (c) and (d) of section 52 may be found guilty of any other of these offences with which he might
have been charged.

(6) A person charged before a Court‑martial with an offence punishable under section 71 may be
found guilty of any other offence of which he might have been found guilty if the provisions of the
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898), were applicable.

(7) A person charged before a Court‑martial with any other offence under this Act may, on failure
of proof of an offence having been committed in circumstances involving a more severe punishment,
be found guilty of the same offence as having been committed in circumstances involving a less
severe punishment.

(8) A person charged before Court‑martial with any offence under this Act may be found guilty of
having attempted to commit or of abetment of that offence although the attempt or abetment is not
separately charged.

138. Presumption as to signature. In any proceeding under this Act, any application, certificate,
warrant, reply or other document purporting to be signed by an officer in

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the service of the Government shall, on production, be presumed to have been duly signed by the
person by whom and in the character in which it purports to have been signed, until the contrary is
shown.

139. Enrolment paper.___(1) Any enrolment paper purporting to be signed by an enrolling
officer shall, in proceedings under this Act, be evidence that the person enrolled gave the answers
which he is therein represented as having given.

(2) The enrolment of such person may be proved by the production of the original or a copy of his
enrolment paper purporting to be certified to be a true copy by the officer having the custody of the
enrolment paper.

140. Presumption as to certain documents.___(1) A letter, return or other document with
respect to a person,___

(i) having, or not having, at any time served in, or been dismissed or discharged from any part
of the armed forces of Pakistan, or

(ii) having, or not having, held any rank or appointment in, or been posted or transferred to
any part of such forces, or having or not having served in any particular country or place,
or

(iii) being, or not being, authorised to use or wear any Naval, Military or Air Force
decoration, medal, medal ribbon, badge, wound stripe or emblem, the use or, wearing of
which by an unauthorised person is, by any law in force for the time being, an offence,

if purporting to be signed by or on behalf of a Secretary to the 1[Federal Government], or on behalf
of the Pakistan Military, Naval or Air Force

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

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Headquarters, or by the commanding officer or the officer or record officer having the custody of the
records of any portion of those forces or of any of the ships of Pakistan Navy to which such person
appears to have belonged, or alleges that he belongs or had belonged, shall be evidence of the facts
stated in such letter, return or other document.

(2) Any Army, Navy or Air Force list or Gazette purporting to be published by authority shall be
evidence of the status and rank of the officers or warrant officers therein mentioned, and of any
appointment held by them and of the unit or branch of the service to which they belong.

(3) Where a record is made in any service book in pursuance of this Act or of any rules made
thereunder or otherwise in pursuance of duty and purports to be signed by the commanding officer or
by the officer whose duty it is to make such record, such record shall be evidence of the facts therein
stated.

(4) A copy of any record in any service book purporting to be certified to be a true copy by the
officer having the custody of such book shall be evidence of such record.

(5) Where any person subject to this Act is being tried on a charge of desertion or of absence
without leave and such person has surrendered himself into the custody of, or has been apprehended
by, any officer, or any portion, of the armed forces of Pakistan, a certificate purporting to be signed
by such officer, or by the commanding officer of that portion of the armed forces and stating the fact,
date and place of such surrender or apprehension, shall be evidence of the matters so stated.

(6) Where any person subject to this Act is being tried on a charge of desertion or of absence
without leave and such person has on arrest or surrender been taken to a police station in Pakistan, a
certificate purporting to be signed by the officer,

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in‑charge of that police station, and stating the fact date and place of such surrender or apprehension
shall be evidence of the matters so stated.

(7) Any document purporting to be a report under the hand of any Chemical Examiner or
Assistant Chemical Examiner to the Government 1* * upon any matter or thing duly submitted to him
for examination or analysis and report may be used as evidence in any proceeding under this Act.

141. Reference by accused to Government officer.___(1) If at any trial, or other proceedings for
desertion or absence without leave, overstaying leave, or not re‑joining when warned for service, the
accused states in his defence any sufficient or reasonable excuse for his unauthorised absence, and
refers in support thereof to any officer in the service of the Government or if it appears that any such
officer is likely to prove or disprove the said statement in the defence, the court or officer conducting
the proceedings shall address such officer and adjourn the court or proceedings until his reply is
received.

(2) The written reply of any officer so addressed shall, if signed by him, be received in evidence
and have the same effect as if made on oath before the Court or officer conducting the proceedings.

(3) If the court‑martial is dissolved before receipt of such reply or if it omits to comply with the
provisions of this section, the convening officer may, at his discretion, annul the proceedings and
order a fresh trial by the same or another court‑martial.

142. Evidence of previous convictions and general character.___(1) When any person subject
to this Act has been convicted by a court‑martial of any offence, such court‑martial may inquire into,
and receive and record evidence of any previous convictions of such person, either by a court‑martial
held under this Act or under any other enactment, or by a

1 The original words “of Pakistan” omitted by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1958 (6 of 1958), s. 14 (with effect from the 23 rd March, 1958).

Page 75 of 105
criminal court, or of any previous award of punishment under section 82 or section 86, and may
further inquire into and record the general character of such person, and such other matters as may be
prescribed.

(2) Evidence received under this section may be either oral or in the shape of entries in, or
certified extracts from service records ; and it shall not be necessary to give notice before trial to the
person tried that evidence as to his previous convictions or character will be received.

143. Lunacy of accused.___(1) Whenever, in the course of a trial by a court‑martial, it appears to
the court that the person charged is by reason of unsoundness of mind incapable of making his
defence, or that he committed the act alleged but was by reason of unsoundness of mind incapable of
knowing the nature of the act or knowing that it was wrong or contrary to law, the court shall record a
finding accordingly.

(2) The President of the court shall forthwith report the case to the confirming officer.

(3) The confirming officer to whom a case is reported under subsection (2) may, if he does not
confirm the finding, take steps to have the accused person tried by the same or another court‑martial
for the offence with which he was charged.

(4) The confirming officer confirming a finding in any case so reported to him under subsection
(2) shall order the accused person to be kept in custody in the prescribed manner and shall report the
case for the orders of the 1[Federal Government].

(5) On receipt of a report under subsection (4) the 1[Federal Government] may order the
accused person to be detained in a lunatic asylum or other suitable place of safe custody.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

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144. Subsequent fitness of lunatic accused for trial. Where any accused person, having been
found by reason of unsoundness of mind to be incapable of making his defence, is in custody or under
detention under section 143, the officer commanding a unit or detachment within the area of whose
command the accused is in custody or is detained, or any other officer prescribed in this behalf,
may____

(a) if such person is in custody under subsection (4) of section 143, on the report of medical
officer that he is capable of making his defence, or

(b) if such person is detained in a jail under subsection (5) of section143, on a certificate of
the Inspector General of Prisons ; and if such person is detained in a lunatic asylum under
the said subsection, on a certificate of any two or more of the visitors of such asylum
that he is capable of making his defence,

take steps to have such person tried by the same or another court‑martial for the offence with which
he was originally charged, or, if the offence is a civil offence, by a criminal court.

145. Transmission to 1[Federal Government] of orders under section 144. A copy of every
order made by an officer under section 144 for the trial of the accused shall forthwith be sent to the
1[Federal Government].

146. Release of lunatic accused. Where any person is in custody under subsection (4) of section
143, or under detention under subsection (5) of that section___

(a) if such person is in custody under the said subsection (4), on the report of a medical
officer, or

(b) if such person is detained under the said subsection (5), on a certificate from any of the
authorities mentioned in clause (b)

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

Page 77 of 105
of section 144 that, in the judgment of such officer or authority such person may be
released without danger of his doing injury to himself or to any other person,

the 1[Federal Government] may order that such person be released, or detained in custody, or
transferred to a public lunatic asylum if he has not already been sent to such an asylum.

147. Delivery of lunatic accused to relatives. Where any relative or friend of any person, who is
in custody under subsection (4) of section 143 or under detention under subsection (5) of that
section desires that he should be delivered to his care and custody, the 1[Federal Government] may,
upon application by such relative or friend and on his giving security to the satisfaction of that
Government that the person delivered shall___

(a) be properly taken care of and prevented from doing injury to himself or to any other
person ; and

(b) be produced for the inspection of such authority, and at such times and places, as the
1[Federal Government] may direct,

order such person to be delivered to such relative or friend.

148. Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial. When any property regarding
which any offence appears to have been committed, or which appears to have been used for the
commission of any offence, is produced before a court‑martial during a trial, the court may make
such order as it thinks fit for the proper custody of such property pending the conclusion of the trial
and, if the property is subject to speedy or natural decay, may, after recording such evidence as it
thinks necessary, order it to be sold or otherwise disposed of.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

Page 78 of 105
149. Order for disposal of property regarding which offence is committed.___(1) After the
conclusion of a trial before a court‑martial, the court or the officer confirming the finding or sentence
of such court‑martial, or any authority superior to such officer, may make such order as it or he thinks
fit for the disposal by destruction, confiscation, delivery to any person claiming to be entitled to
possession thereof or otherwise of any property or document produced before the Court or in its
custody, or regarding which any offence appears to have been committed or which has been used for
the commission of any offence.

(2) Where any order has been made under subsection (1) in respect of property regarding which
an offence appears to have been committed, a copy of such order signed and certified by the
authority making the same may, whether the trial was held within Pakistan or not, be sent to a
magistrate in any district in which such property for the time being is, and such magistrate shall
thereupon cause the order to be carried into effect as if it was an order passed by such magistrate
under the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898).

Explanation.___In this section the term “property” includes, in the case of property regarding
which an offence appears to have been committed, not only such property as has been originally in
the possession or under the control of any person, but also any property into or for which the same
may have been converted or exchanged, and anything acquired by such conversion or exchange
whether immediately or otherwise.

150. 1[Trial by courtmartial to be deemed judicial proceeding, etc.] Any trial by a
Court‑martial under the provisions of this Act shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the
meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the Pakistan Penal Code, (XLV of 1860),, and the Court‑martial
shall be deemed to be a court within the meaning of sections 480 and 482 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898).

_____

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1963 (8 of 1963), s. 11, for the original marginal heading.

Page 79 of 105
CHAPTER XII

CONFIRMATION AND REVISION

151. Finding and sentence not valid unless confirmed. No finding or sentence of a general,
district or field general Court‑martial shall be valid except so far as it may be confirmed as provided
by this Act.

152. Power to confirm finding and sentence of general courtmartial. The findings and
sentences of general Courts‑martial may be confirmed by the 1[Chief of the Air Staff] or by any
officer empowered in this behalf by warrant of the 1[Chief of the Air Staff].

153. Power to confirm finding and sentence of district court‑martial. The findings and
sentences of district Courts‑martial may be confirmed by any authority having power to convene a
general court‑martial or by any officer empowered in this behalf by warrant of any such authority.

154. Limitation of powers of confirming authority. A warrant issued under section 152 or
section 153 may contain such restrictions, reservations or conditions as the authority issuing it may
think fit..

155. Power to confirm finding and sentence of field general court martial. The findings and
sentences of a field general court‑martial may be confirmed by the convening officer or if he so
directs, by an authority superior to him.

156. Power of confirming authority to mitigate, remit or commute sentences. Subject to such
restrictions as may be contained in any warrant issued under section 152 or section 153, a confirming
authority may, when confirming the sentence of a court‑martial, mitigate or remit the punishment
thereby awarded, or commute that punishment for any punishment or punishments lower in the scale
laid down in section 73 :

Provided that a sentence of imprisonment shall not be commuted to a sentence of detention for a

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “CommanderinChief”.

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term exceeding the term of imprisonment awarded by the Court 1[:]

1[Provided further that a sentence awarded as hadd under an Islamic law shall not be so
mitigated, remitted or commuted otherwise than in accordance with such law.].

157. Confirmation of finding and sentence on board a ship. When any person subject to this
Act is tried and sentenced by court‑martial while on board ship, the finding and sentence so far as not
confirmed and executed on board ship may be confirmed and executed in like manner as if such
person had been tried at the port of disembarkation.

158. Revision of finding and sentence.___(1) Any finding or sentence of a court‑martial may be
once revised by order of the confirming authority ; and on such revision, the court, if so directed by
the confirming authority, may take additional evidence.

(2) The court, on revision, shall consist of the same officers as were present when the original
decision was passed, unless any of those officers are unavoidably absent.

(3) In case of such unavoidable absence the cause thereof shall be duly recorded in the
proceedings, and the Court shall proceed with the revision, provided that, if a general court‑martial, it
still consists of five officers, or, if a field general or district court‑martial, of three officers.

159. Alteration of finding or sentence in certain cases.___(1) Where a finding of guilty by a
court‑martial, which has been confirmed, is found for any reason to be invalid or cannot be supported
by the evidence, the authority which would have had power under section 177 to commute the
punishment awarded by the sentence, if the finding had

1 Subs. and added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 15.

Page 81 of 105
been valid, may substitute a new finding and pass a sentence for the offence specified or involved in
such finding :

Provided that no such substitution shall be made unless such finding could have been validly
made by the court‑martial on the charge and unless it appears that the court‑martial must have been
satisfied of the facts establishing the offence.

(2) Where a sentence passed by a Court‑martial which has been confirmed, not being a sentence
passed in pursuance of a new finding substituted under subsection (1), is found for any reason to be
invalid, the authority referred to in subsection (1) may pass a valid sentence.

(3) The punishment awarded by a sentence passed under subsection (1) or subsection (2) shall
not be higher in the scale of punishments than, or in excess of, the punishment awarded by, the
sentence for which a new sentence is substituted under this section.

(4) Any finding substituted, or any sentence passed, under this section shall for the purposes of
this Act and the rules made thereunder have effect as if it were a finding or sentence of a
Court‑martial.

160. Remedy against order, finding or sentence of court‑martial.___(1) Any person subject to
this Act who considers himself aggrieved by any order passed by a court‑martial may present a
petition to the officer or authority empowered to confirm any finding or sentence of such court
martial, and the confirming authority may take such steps as may be considered necessary to satisfy
itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of the order passed or as to the regularity of any
proceeding to which the order relates.

(2) Any person subject to this Act who considers himself aggrieved by a finding or sentence of a
Court‑martial which has been confirmed, may present a

Page 82 of 105
petition to the 1[Federal Government] or the 2[Chief of the Air Staff] who may pass such order
thereon as it or he thinks fit.

161. Annulment of proceedings. The 1[Federal Government] or the 2[Chief of the Air Staff] may
annul the proceedings of any court‑martial on the ground that they are illegal or unjust.

162. Bar of appeals. No court shall question the correctness, legality or propriety of any
proceeding or decision of any court‑martial, and no remedy shall lie in respect of any such proceeding
or decision save as provided in this Act.

3[162A. Court of Appeals 4[for Hadd cases.].___ (1) Any person to whom a courtmartial has
awarded a sentence of hadd under an Islamic law may, within sixty days from the date of the
sentence, prefer an appeal against the finding and sentence of the courtmartial to a Court of Appeals
consisting of the Chief of the Air Staff or an officer, being a Muslim, designated by him in this behalf,
hereinafter referred to as the Court of Appeals.

(2) No sentence awarded by a courtmartial as hadd under an Islamic law shall be executed
unless it is confirmed by the Court of Appeals.

(3) The Court of Appeals shall have power to ___

(a) confirm the finding or sentence or both ; or

(b) substitute a valid finding or sentence for an invalid finding or sentence; or

(c) call any witness for the purpose of recording additional evidence in the presence of the
parties, who shall be afforded an opportunity to put any question to the witness; or

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 Subs. ibid., for “CommanderinChief”.
3 Added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 16.
4 Added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1992, (30 of 1992), s. 2.

Page 83 of 105
(d) annul the proceedings of the courtmartial on the ground that they are illegal or unjust ; or

(e) order retrial of the accused by a fresh court.

(4) The decision of the Court of Appeals shall be final and shall not be called in question before
any court or other authority].

1[162B. Court of Appeals for other than Hudood cases.___(1) Any person to whom a court

martial has awarded any one or more of the following punishments:___

(a) death,

(b) imprisonment for a period exceeding three months,

after the commencement of the Pakistan Air Force (Amendment) Act, 1992, may, within thirty days
from the promulgation of the sentence, prefer an appeal against the finding or sentence of the Court
martial to a Court of appeals consisting of an officer designated by the Chief of the Air Staff :

Provided that where an accused has pleaded guilty and has been convicted by a courtmartial on
such plea, there shall be no appeal except as to the extent or legality of sentence :

Provided further that where the sentence has been awarded by a courtmartial under an Islamic
law, the officer so designated shall be a Muslim.

(2) The Court of Appeals shall have power to ___

(a) accept or reject the appeal ; or

(b) substitute a valid finding or sentence for an invalid finding or sentence; or

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act 1992 ( 30 of 1992) s. 3.

Page 84 of 105
in the presence of the parties who shall be afforded an opportunity to put any question to
the witness; or

(d) annual the proceedings of the courtmartial on the ground that they are illegal or unjust; or

(e) order retrial of the accused by a fresh courtmartial; or

(f) remit the whole or any part of the punishment or mitigate the punishment or commute the
punishment for any less punishment or punishments mentioned in this Act.

(3) The decision of the court of Appeals shall be final and shall not be called in question before
any court or other authority.]

____

CHAPTER XIII

EXECUTION OF SENTENCES

1[163. Form of sentence of stoning to death and death. ___(1) In awarding a sentence of stoning
of death, a court‑martial shall direct that the sentence shall be executed in the manner provided for in
the Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance, 1979 (VII of 1979).

(2) In awarding a sentence of death, a courtmartial shall, in its discretion, direct that the offender
shall suffer death by being hanged by the neck until he be dead, or shall suffer death by being shot to
death.

163A. Form of sentence amputation of hand, foot or both. In awarding a sentence of
amputation of hand, foot or both, a courtmartial shall direct that the sentence shall be executed in
the manner provided for in the Offences Against Property (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance, 1979
(V of 1979).

163B. Form of sentence of whipping. In awarding a sentence of whipping a courtmartial shall
direct that the sentence shall be executed in the manner provided for in the Execution of the
Punishment of Whipping Ordinance, 1979 (IX of 1979).

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 17.

Page 85 of 105
164. Commencement of sentence of imprisonment or detention. Whenever any person is
sentenced under this Act to imprisonment, or detention, the term of his sentence shall, whether it has
been revised or not, be reckoned to commence on the day on which the original proceedings were
signed by the president.

165. Execution of sentence of imprisonment. Whenever any sentence of imprisonment is passed
under this Act, or whenever any sentence so passed is commuted to imprisonment, the confirming
officer or such officer as may be prescribed in this behalf, may direct either that the sentence shall be
carried out by confinement in a civil prison or by confinement in a Military or Air Force prison, and
the commanding officer of the person under sentence or such other officer as may be prescribed, shall
forward a warrant in the prescribed form to the officer in charge of the prison in which the person
under sentence is to be confined, and shall forward him to such prison with the warrant :

Provided that in the case of a sentence of imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months,
in lieu of a direction that the sentence shall be carried out by confinement in a Civil, Military or Air
Force prison, a direction may be made that the sentence shall be carried out by confinement in Air
Force custody :

Provided further that on active service a sentence of imprisonment may be carried out by
confinement in such place as the officer commanding the forces in the field may from time to time
appoint.

166. Execution of sentence of imprisonment in special cases. Whenever, in the opinion of the
1[Chief of the Air Staff] or an Air or other Officer Commanding a group any sentence or portion of a
sentence of imprisonment cannot, for special reasons, conveniently be carried out in accordance with
the provisions of section 165, such officer may direct that such sentence or portion of sentence shall
be carried out by confinement in any civil prison or other fit place.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “CommanderinChief”.

Page 86 of 105
167. Execution of sentence of detention. When any sentence of detention is passed under this
Act, or when any sentence so passed is commuted to detention, the punishment shall be carried out
by detaining the offender in any Military or Air Force detention barracks, detention cells or other
Military or Air Force custody, and when the sentence is to be carried out by detention in any Military
or Air Force detention barracks, the commanding officer of the person under sentence, or such other
officer as may be prescribed, shall forward the person under sentence, together with a warrant in the
prescribed form, to the officer in charge of the said detention barracks.

168. Interim custody of persons under sentence of 1[stoning to death,] death, imprisonment
or detention.___(1) When a person is sentenced by Court‑martial to suffer 1[stoning to death or]
death and the sentence has been confirmed, the commanding officer of such person, or such officer
as may be prescribed may, if he thinks fit, by warrant in the prescribed form, commit the said person
for safe custody in a civil prison pending the execution of the sentence, and may similarly, by warrant
in the prescribed form direct that the person so committed be re‑delivered into Air Force custody, or
that he be released or confined in accordance with any order duly made under this Act setting aside
or varying the sentence of1[Stoning to death or] death.

Any such warrant shall be sufficient authority for the execution of the orders contained therein.

(2) A person sentenced under this Act to imprisonment or detention may, until he reaches the
prison or detention barracks in which he is to undergo his sentence, be kept in Air Force custody or in
Civil custody, or partly in one description of custody and partly in the other, and may, by order of
such officer as may be prescribed, from time to time be transferred from one to the other, as occasion
may require.

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 18.

Page 87 of 105
169. Authority for committal and transfer of prisoners. A warrant issued in accordance with
the provisions of section 165 or section 167, or an order of the prescribed officer for the transfer of a
person undergoing a sentence of imprisonment or detention from one description of custody to
another, shall be sufficient authority for the committal to prison, detention barrack or Air Force
custody of such person or of his transfer from one description of custody to the other, as the case may
be.

170. Conveyance of 1[Convicts] from place to place. A person under sentence of 2[stoning to
death, death, amputation of hand, foot or both, imprisonment, detention or whipping] may, during his
conveyance from place to place, or when on board a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle be subjected to
such restraint as is necessary for his safe conduct and removal.

171. Communication of certain orders to prison officers. Whenever an order is duly made
under this Act setting aside or varying any sentence, order or warrant under which any person is
confined in a Civil, Military or Air Force prison or detained in a Military or Air Force detention
barracks a warrant in accordance with such order shall be forwarded by the prescribed officer to the
officer in charge of the prison or detention barracks in which such person is confined.

Such warrant shall be sufficient authority for the execution of the orders contained therein.

172. Execution of sentence of fine. When a sentence of fine is imposed by a court‑martial under
section 71, whether the trial was held within Pakistan or not, a copy of such sentence, signed and
certified by the confirming officer may be sent to any magistrate in Pakistan, and such magistrate
shall thereupon cause the fine to be recovered in accordance with the provisions of the Code of
Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898), for the levy of fines as if it were a sentence of fine imposed by
such magistrate.

1 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 19, for “prisoners”.
2 Subs. ibid. for “imprisonment or detention”.

Page 88 of 105
173. Establishment and regulation of Air Force prisons or detention barracks. The 1[Federal
Government] may set apart any building or part of a building, or any place under its control, as an Air
Force prison or detention barracks for the confinement of persons sentenced to imprisonment or
detention under this Act.

174. Power to make rules in respect of prisons and prisoners. The 1[Federal Government]
may make rules providing___

(a) for the government, management and regulation of Air Force prisons and detention
barracks ;

(b) for the appointment, removal and powers of inspectors, visitors, governors and officers
thereof ;

(c) for the labour of prisoners undergoing confinement therein, and for enabling such
prisoners or persons to earn by special industry and good conduct, a remission of a
portion of their sentence ;

(d) for the safe custody of such prisoners or persons and the maintenance of discipline among
them and the punishment, by personal correction, restraint or otherwise, of offences
committed by them ;

(e) for the application to Air Force prisons or detention barracks of any of the provisions of
the Prisons Act, 1894 (IX of 1894), relating to the duties of officers of prisons and the
punishment of persons not being prisoners;

(f) for the admission into any person, at proper times and subject to proper restrictions, of
persons with whom prisoners may desire to communicate, and for the consultation by
prisoners under trial with their legal advisers without the presence as far as possible of
any third party within hearing distance.

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

Page 89 of 105
175. Restriction of rule making power in respect of corporal punishment. Rules made under
section 174 shall not authorise corporal punishment to be inflicted for any offence, nor render the
imprisonment more severe than it is under any law for the time being in force relating to Civil prisons
in Pakistan.

176. Informality or error in the order or warrants. Whenever a person is sentenced to
imprisonment or detention under this Act, and is undergoing the sentence in any place or manner in
which he might be confined under a lawful order or warrant in pursuance of this Act, the confinement
of such person shall not be deemed to be illegal only by reason of any informality or error in or as
respects the order, warrant or other document, or the authority by which, or in pursuance whereof
such person was brought into or is confined any such place, and any such order, warrant or document
may be amended accordingly.

____

CHAPTER XIV

PARDONS, REMISSIONS AND SUSPENSION

177. Pardon and remission. When any person subject to this Act has been convicted by a
court‑martial of any offence, the 1[Federal Government] the 2[Chief of the Air Staff], or any officer
not below the rank of Group Captain empowered in this behalf by the 2[Chief of the Air Staff]
may:___

(i) either without conditions or upon any conditions which the person sentenced accepts,
pardon the person, or remit the whole or any part of the punishment awarded, or

(ii) mitigate the punishment awarded, or commute such punishment for any less punishment
or punishments mentioned in this Act;

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 Subs. ibid., Art. 2 and Sch., for “CommanderiChief”.

Page 90 of 105
Provided that a sentence of imprisonment shall not be commuted for a sentence of detention for a
term exceeding the term of imprisonment awarded by the Court 1[:]
1[Provided further that a person to whom a sentence has been awarded as hadd under an Islamic
law shall not be pardoned, and no such sentence shall be mitigated, remitted or commuted to any less
punishment or punishments, otherwise than in accordance with such law.].

178. Cancellation of conditional pardon or remission. If any condition on which a person has
been pardoned or a punishment has been remitted is, in the opinion of the authority which granted the
pardon or remitted the punishment, not fulfilled, such authority may cancel the pardon or remission,
and thereupon the sentence of the Court shall be carried into effect as if such .pardon had not been
granted or such punishment had not been remitted :

Provided that in the case of a person sentenced to imprisonment or detention such person shall
undergo only the unexpired portion of his sentence.

179. Reduction of 2* * * non‑commissioned officer. When under the provisions of
2
section 79, * * * a non‑commissioned officer is deemed to be reduced to the ranks, such
reduction shall, for the purposes of section 177 be treated as a punishment awarded by a sentence of
a court‑martial.

180. Suspension of sentence of imprisonment 3[, detention or whipping].___(1) Where a
person subject to this Act has been sentenced by a court‑martial to imprisonment 3[, detention or
whipping] the 4[Federal Government], or the 5[Chief of the Air Staff], or any officer empowered to
convene a general or

1 Subs. and added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 20.
2 Omitted by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 21.
3 Subs. by Ordinance 38 of 1984, s. 21, for “or detention”.
4 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and table, for “Central Government”.
5 Subs. ibid., for “CommanderinChief”.

Page 91 of 105
field general courtmartial may suspend the sentence whether or not the offender has already been
committed, to prison or custody 1[:]

1[Provided that a sentence awarded as hadd under an Islamic law shall not be suspended except
while the offender is on active service nor otherwise than in accordance with such law.].

(2) The authority or officer specified in subsection (1) may in the case of an offender so
sentenced direct that, until the orders of such authority or officer have been obtained, the offender
shall not be committed to prison or custody.

(3) The powers conferred by subsections (1) and (2) may be exercised in the case of any such
sentence which has been confirmed, mitigated or commuted.

181. Orders pending suspension. A confirming officer may, when confirming any sentence
referred to in section 180, direct that the offender be not committed to prison or to custody until the
orders of the authority or officer specified in section 180 have been obtained.

182. Release on suspension. When a sentence is suspended under section 180, the offender shall,
whether he has been committed to prison or to custody or not, be released forthwith.

183. Computation of period of suspension. Any period during which the sentence is under
suspension shall be reckoned as part of the term of sentence.

184. Order after suspension. The authority or officer specified in section 180 may, at any time
whilst a sentence is suspended, order___

(a) that the offender be committed to undergo the unexpired portion of the sentence ; or

(b) that the sentence be remitted.

1 Subs. and added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 20.

Page 92 of 105
185. Reconsideration of case after suspension. (1) Where a sentence has been suspended, the
case may at any time, and shall, at intervals of not more than four months, be reconsidered by the
authority or officer specified in section 180, or by any Air or other officer not below the rank of
squadron leader duly authorised by the authority or officer specified in section 180.

(2) Where on such reconsideration by the officer so authorised it appears to him that the conduct
of the offender since his conviction has been such as to justify a remission of the sentence, he shall
refer the matter to the authority or officer specified in section 180.

186. Fresh sentence after suspension. Where an offender, while a sentence on him is suspended
under this Act, is sentenced for any other offence, then____

(a) if the further sentence is also suspended under this Act, the two sentences shall run
concurrently ;

(b) if the further sentence is for a period of three months or more and is not suspended under
this Act, the offender shall also be committed to prison or Air Force custody for the
unexpired portion of the previous sentence, but both sentences shall run concurrently ;
and

(c) if the further sentence is for a period of less than three months and is not suspended under
this Act, the offender shall be so committed on that sentence only, and the previous
sentence shall, subject to any order which may be passed under section 184 or section
185, continue to be suspended.

187. Scope of power of suspension. The powers conferred by sections 180 and 184 shall be in
addition to and not in derogation of, the power of mitigation, remission and commutation.

Page 93 of 105
188. Effect of suspension and remission on dismissal.___(1) Where in addition to any other
sentence the punishment of dismissal has been awarded by a Courtmartial, and such other sentence
is suspended under section 180, then, such dismissal shall not take effect until so ordered by the
authority or officer specified in section 180.

(2) If such other sentence is remitted under section 184, the punishment of dismissal shall also be
remitted.

_____

CHAPTER XV

PROPERTY OF DECEASED PERSONS, DESERTERS AND LUNATICS.

189. Property of deceased persons and deserters (other than officers and warrant officers).
The following provisions are enacted respecting the disposal of the property of every person subject
to this Act, other than an officer or warrant officer, who dies or deserts :___

(1) The commanding officer of the unit 1[or station] to which the deceased person or deserter
belonged 1[or was attached] shall secure all the movable property belonging to the
deceased or deserter that is in camp or quarters, and cause an inventory thereof to be
made, and draw any pay and allowances due to such person.

(2) In the case of a deceased person who has left in a bank (including any post office savings
bank, cooperative bank or society or any other institution receiving deposits in money,
however named) a deposit not exceeding one thousand rupees, the commanding officer
may, if he thinks fit, require the agent, manager or other proper

1 Ins. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 22.

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officer of such bank or other institution to pay the deposit to him forthwith;
notwithstanding anything in any rule of the bank or the other institution and when any
money has been paid by such bank or other institution in compliance with such
requisition, no person shall have any claim against the bank or the other institution in
respect of such money.

(3) In the case of a deceased person whose representative, widow or next of kin is on the spot
and has given security for the payment of the service or other debts in camp or quarters,
if any, of the deceased, the commanding officer shall deliver over any property, received
under clauses (1) and (2) to that representative, widow or next of kin, as the case may be,
and shall not further interfere in relation to the property of the deceased.

(4) In the case of a deceased person whose estate is not dealt with under clause (3), and in the
case of any deserter, the commanding officer shall cause the movable property to be sold
by public auction, and may convert into money any cash certificates (including post office
cash certificates, defence savings certificates and national savings certificates) and shall
pay the service and other debts in camp or quarters, if any, and, in the case of a deceased
person, the expenses of his funeral ceremonies, from the proceeds of the sale or
conversion and from any pay and allowances drawn under clause (l) and from the amount
of the deposit, if any, received under clause (2).

(5) The surplus, if any, shall, in the case of a deceased person, be paid to his representative,
widow or next of kin, if any, or, in the event of no claim to such surplus being established
within twelve months

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after the death, then the same shall be remitted to the prescribed person:

Provided that such remission shall not bar the claim of any person to such surplus or any part
thereof.

(6) In the case of a deserter, the surplus, if any, shall be forthwith remitted to the prescribed
person and shall, on the expiry of three years from the date of his desertion, be forfeited
to the State, unless the deserter shall in the meantime have surrendered or been
apprehended.

(7) The decision of the commanding officer as to what are the service and other debts in
camp or quarters of a deceased person or a deserter and as to the amount payable
therefor shall be final.

190. Disposal of certain property without production of probate, etc. (other than officers
and warrant officers). Property deliverable and money payable to the representative, widow or
next of kin, of a deceased person under section 189 may, if the total value or amount thereof does not
exceed one thousand rupees, and if the prescribed person thinks fit, be delivered or paid to any
person appearing to him to be entitled to receive it or to administer the estate of the deceased,
without requiring the production of any probate, letters of administration, certificate or other such
conclusive evidence of title ; and such delivery or payment shall be a full discharge to those ordering
or making the same and to the Government from all further liability in respect of the property or
money ; but nothing in this section shall affect the rights of any executor or administrator or other
representative, or of any creditor of a deceased person against any person to whom such delivery or
payment has been made. [:]1
1[Provided that when the deceased person was attached to, or formed part of a force which was
not on active service, the commanding officer shall obtain from the representative, widow, or next of
kin to

1 Subs. and added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1992 (30 of 1992), s. 4.

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whom the aforesaid amount is paid an undertaking to the effect that the amount left after payment of
debts if any, shall be distributed among the legal heirs of deceased].

191. Applications of sections 189 and 190 to lunatics, etc. The provisions of sections 189 and
190 shall, so far as they can be made applicable, apply in the case of a person subject to this Act (not
being an officer or warrant officer) who notwithstanding anything contained in the Lunacy Act, 1912
(IV of1912), is ascertained in the prescribed manner to be insane, or, who, being on active service, is
officially reported missing, as if he had died on the day on which his insanity is so ascertained, or, as
the case may be, on the day on which he is officially reported missing :

Provided that in the case of a person so reported missing, no action shall be taken under clauses
(2) to (5) of section 189 until such time as he is officially presumed to be dead.

192. Property of officer, and warrant officers who die or desert. The provisions of sections
193 to 198 shall apply to the disposal of the property of the officers and warrant officers of the Air
Force who die or desert.

193. Powers of Committee of Adjustment.___(1) On the death or desertion of an officer or
warrant officer, a Committee of Adjustment appointed in this behalf in the manner prescribed
(hereinafter referred to as the Committee) shall, as soon as may be, subject to the rules made in this
behalf under this Act___

(a) secure all the movable property belonging to the deceased or deserter that is in camp or
quarters and cause an inventory thereof to be made, and ascertain and draw the pay and
allowances, if any, due to him; and

(b) ascertain the amount, and provide for the payment, of the service and other debts in camp
or quarter, if any, of the deceased or deserter.

(2) In the case of a deceased officer or warrant officer whose representative, widow or next of
kin has given security to the satisfaction of the Committee

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for the payment of the service and other debts in camp or quarters, if any, of the deceased, the
Committee shall deliver any property received by it under subsection (1) to that representative,
widow or next of kin, as the case may be, and shall not further interfere in relation to the property of
the deceased.

(3) In the case of a deceased officer or warrant officer, the Committee, save as may be prescribed
shall, if it appears to it necessary for the payment of service and other debts in camp or quarters and
the expenses, if any, incurred by the Committee, and may, in any other case, collect all moneys left
by the deceased in any bank (including any post office savings bank, cooperative bank or society or
any other institution receiving deposits in money, however named) and for that purpose may require
the agent, manager or other proper officer of such bank, society or other institution to pay the moneys
to the Committee forthwith, and such agent, manager or other officer shall comply with the
requisition notwithstanding anything in any rules of the bank or other institution; and when any
money has been paid by a bank or other institution in compliance with the requisition under this sub
section, no person shall have a claim against the bank or other institution in respect of such money.

(4) In the case of a deceased officer or warrant officer whose estate has not been dealt with under
subsection (2) and in the case of a deserter the Committee, subject to any rules made in this behalf
under this Act, shall, for the purpose of paying the service and other debts in camp or quarters, and
may, in any other case, sell or convert into money the movable property of the deceased or deserter.

(5) The Committee shall, out of the moneys referred to in subsections (3) and (4), pay the service
and other debits in camp or quarters, if any, of the deceased or deserter and in the case of a deceased,
also the expenses of his last illness and funeral.

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(6) In the case of a deceased officer or warrant officer, the surplus, if any, shall be remitted to the
prescribed person.

(7) In the case of an officer or warrant officer who is a deserter, the surplus, if any, shall be
forthwith remitted to the prescribed person and shall, on the expiry of three years from the date of his
desertion, be forfeited to the State unless the deserter shall in the meantime have surrendered or been
apprehended:

Provided that the prescribed person may pay the whole or such part of the surplus as he may
deem proper to the wife or children or other dependents of the officer or warrant officer.

(8) If in any case a doubt or difference arises as to what are the service and other debts in camp
or quarters of a deceased officer or deserter or as to the amount payable therefor, the decision of the
prescribed person shall be final and shall be binding on all persons for all purposes.

(9) For the purposes of the exercise of its duties under this section, the Committee shall, to the
exclusion of all authorities and persons whomsoever, have the same rights and powers as if it had
taken out representation to the deceased, and any receipt given by the Committee shall have effect
accordingly.

194. Disposal of surplus by the prescribed person. On receipt of the surplus referred to in sub
section (6) of section 193 the prescribed person shall proceed as follows :

(1) If he knows of a representative, widow or next of kin of the deceased, he shall pay the surplus
to that representative, widow or next of kin.

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(2) If he does not know of any such representative, widow or next of kin, he shall publish every
year a notice in the prescribed form and manner for six consecutive years. If no claim to the surplus is
made by a representative, widow or next of kin of the deceased within six months after the
publication of last of such notices, the prescribed person shall deposit the surplus together with any
income or accumulation of income accrued therefrom to the credit of the 1[Federal Government] :

Provided that such deposit shall not bar the claim of any person to such surplus or any part
thereof.

195. Disposal of certain property without production of probate, etc. (of officers and
warrant officers). Property deliverable and money payable to the representative, widow or next of
kin of a deceased officer or warrant officer under section 193 or section 194 may, if the total amount
or value thereof does not exceed five thousand rupees, and, if the prescribed person thinks fit, be
delivered or paid to any person appearing to him to be entitled to receive it or to administer the estate
of the deceased, without requiring the production of any probate, letters of administration, succession
certificate or other such conclusive evidence of title [:]2
2[Provided that when the deceased officer or warrant officer was attached to or formed part of, a
force which was not on active service, the commanding officer shall obtain from the representative,
widow, or next of kin to whom the aforesaid amount is paid an undertaking to the effect that the
amount left after payment of debts, if any, shall be distributed among the legal heirs of the deceased].

196. Discharge of Committee, prescribed person and the Government. Any payment of
money or delivery, application, sale or other disposition of any property

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 Subs. and added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1992 (30 of 1992), s. 5.

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or money made, or purported to be made by the Committee or the prescribed person in good faith in
pursuance of section 193, section 194 or section 195 shall be valid and shall be a full discharge to the
Committee or the prescribed person, as the case may be, and to the Government from all further
liability in respect of that money or property ; but nothing herein contained shall affect the right of
any executor or administrator or other representative, or of any creditor of the deceased officer or
warrant officer against any person to whom such payment or delivery has been made.

197. Property in the hands of the Committee or the prescribed person not to be assets at the
place where the Committee or the prescribed person is stationed. Any property coming under
section 193 into the hands of the Committee or the prescribed person shall not, by reason of so
coming, be deemed to be assets or effects at the place in which that Committee or the prescribed
person is stationed and it shall not be necessary by reason thereof that representation be taken out in
respect of that property for that place.

198. Saving of rights of representative. After the Committee has deposited with the prescribed
person the surplus of the property of any deceased officer or warrant officer under subsection (6) of
section 193, any representative of the deceased shall, as regards any property of the deceased not
collected by the Committee and not forming part of the aforesaid surplus, have the same rights and
duties as if section 193 had not been enacted.

199. Application of sections 193 to 198 to lunatics etc. The provisions of sections 193 to 198
shall, so far as they can be made applicable, apply in the case of an officer or warrant officer who,
notwithstanding anything contained in the Lunacy Act, 1912 (IV of 1912), is ascertained in the
prescribed manner to be insane, or, who, being on active service, is officially reported missing, as if
he had died on the day on which his insanity is so ascertained or, as the case may be, on the day on
which he is officially reported missing:

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Provided that in the case of an officer or warrant officer so reported missing no action shall be
taken under subsections (2) to (5) of section 193 until such time as he is officially presumed to be
dead.

200. Appointment of Standing Committee of Adjustment when officers die or desert while on
active service. When an officer or warrant officer dies or deserts while on active service, the
reference in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter to the Committee shall be construed as
references to the Standing Committee of Adjustment, if any, appointed in this behalf in the manner
prescribed.

201. Interpretations. For the purposes of this Chapter___

(1) a person shall be deemed to be deserter if he without authority has been absent from duty for
a period of thirty days and has not subsequently surrendered or been apprehended;

(2) the expression “service and other debts in camp or quarters” includes money due as Air Force
debts, namely, sums due in respect of, or any advance in respect of___

(a) quarters ;

(b) mess, band and other service accounts ;

(c) Air Force clothing, appointments and equipments, not exceeding a sum equal to three
months’ pay of the deceased, and having become due within eighteen months before his
death;

(3) “representation” includes probate and letters of administration with or without the will
annexed, and a succession certificate, constituting a person the executor or administrator of the estate
of a deceased person or authorising him to receive or realise the assets of a deceased person ;

(4) “representative” means any person who has taken out representation.

_____

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CHAPTER XVI

RULES

202. Power to make rules.____(1) The 1[Federal Government] may make rules2 for the purpose
of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the power conferred by subsection (1), such rules may
provide for :___

(a) the retirement, release, discharge, removal or dismissal from the service of persons subject
to this Act ;

(b) the specification of punishments which may be awarded as field punishments under
sections 77 and 82 ;

(c) the assembly and procedure of 3[boards] of inquiry, the recording of summaries of
evidence and the administration of oaths and affirmations at such proceedings ;

(d) the convening and constitutions of courtsmartial 4[and the Court of Appeals] ;

(e) the adjournment, dissolution and sittings of courtsmartial 4[and the Court of Appeals] ;

(f) the procedure to be observed in trials by courtsmartial 5[and the court of Appeals] and the
appearance of legal practitioners thereat ;

(g) the confirmation, revision and annulment of, and petitions 5[or appeals] against the
findings and sentences of courtsmartial 4[or the Court of Appeals] ;

1 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975, Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.
2 For the Pakistan Air Force Act Rules, 1957, see Gaz. of P., 1957, Ext., pp. 22712415.
3 Subs. by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Act, 1967 (6 of 1967), s. 23, for “Courts”.
4 Added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 22.
5 Ins. ibid.

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(h) the carrying into effect of sentences of courtsmartial 1[and the court of Appeals] ;

(i) the forms of orders to be made under the provisions of this Act relating to courtsmartial
2[and the Court of Appeals] and sentences of 3[stoning of death, death, amputation of
hand, foot, or both, imprisonment for life, imprisonment, whipping, detention or any other
punishment provided under any Islamic law].

(j) the constitution of authorities to decide for what persons, to what amounts and in what
manner provision should be made for dependents under section 99 and the due carrying
out of such decisions ;

(k) the relative rank of, and powers of command to be exercised by, officers, junior
commissioned officers, warrant officers, petty officers and noncommissioned officers of
the Pakistan Army, Navy and the Air Force, when acting together ;

(l) deduction on account of public and service debts from the pay and allowances of persons
subject to this Act; and

(m) any other matter directed by this Act to be prescribed.

(3) All rules made under this Act shall be published in the official Gazette and, on such
publication, shall have effect as if enacted in this Act.

203. Power to make regulations. The 4[Federal Government] may make regulations for all or
any of the purposes of this Act, other than those specified in section 202.

204. [Repeal] Omitted by the Federal Laws (Revision and Declaration) Ordinance, 1981 (27 of
1981), s. 3 and II sch.

CHAPTER XVII.___[Transitory Provision] Omitted by the Federal Laws (Revision and
Declaration) Ordinance, 1981 (27 of 1981)., s. 3 and SchII.

_____________

1 Added by the Pakistan Air Force (Amdt.) Ordinance, 1984 (38 of 1984), s. 22.
2 Ins. ibid.
3 Subs. ibid., for “death imprisonment or detention”.
4 Subs. by F.A.O., 1975 Art. 2 and Table, for “Central Government”.

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Source: Pakistan Code, Ministry of Law and Justice (pakistancode.gov.pk). Text on this page is reproduced verbatim from the official PDF and is provided for reference only. For the authoritative version, always consult the source document or a current reported edition.

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